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THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 

OF  CALIFORNIA 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

PROFESSOR  WILLIAM  MERRILL 

AND 

MRS.  IMOGENE  MERRILL 


^DCAriOff  LIBR. 


^^^^-^^^ 


PEOBATIO    LATINA: 

A 

SERIES   OF  QUESTIONS 


DESIGNED  TO 


TEST   THE  PEOGEESS   OP  LEAENEES 


I;ATIN   LANaUAaE. 


BY 

CHAELES  D.  MOKEIS,  A.M., 

LATE  RECTOR  OF  TRINITY  SCHOOL,  NEW  YORK,  AND  FORMERLY  FELLOW  OP 
ORIEL  COLLEGE,  OXFORD. 


SECOND  EDITION. 


NEW  YORK: 

F.    J.    HUNTINGTON    AND    CO., 

No.  107  DuANE  Street. 
1874 


Qjj»j.   ZDUCATIOH  IIBS, 


Entered,  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  yenr  1871,  by 

CHARLES  D.  MORRIS, 
in  the  Office  of  the  Librarian  of  Congress  at  Washington. 


J.  W.  Taylor,  Stereotvper, 
27  Rose  St.,  N.  Y: 


PREFACE. 


PA  ^0%1 

Vizis' 

jt74 


This  little  book  has  been  prepared  mainly  with  the  pur- 
pose of  furnishing  Teachers  the  means  of  readily  testing  the 
progress  of  their  pupils  in  Latin.  I  presume  it  will  be  gen- 
erally admitted  that  this  can  be  better  done,  at  least  as  regards 
exactness  and  breadth,  by  the  examination  of  answers  given 
in  writing  to  printed  questions,  than  by  any  sort  of  oral  reci- 
tation. But,  moreover,  I  feel  convinced  from  my  own  ex- 
perience that  an  examination  of  this  kind  operates  most 
powerfully  on  the  mental  growth  of  the  learner.  It  reveals  to 
himself  his  short-comings,  with  a  clearness  equalled  by  nothing 
else  in  his  school-work,  and  it  forces  him  to  form  the  habit 
of  bracing  his  powers  to  attack,  often  with  success,  questions 
which  at  first  seem  wholly  beyond  his  grasp. 

I  am  not  acquainted  with  any  book  which  is  constructed 
exactly  on  the  plan  here  adopted.  There  are  some  books 
which  contain  questions  adapted  to  the  course  of  particular 
grammars,  and  others  again  which  are  made  up  of  a  collec- 
tion of  papers  actually  proposed  in  different  school  or  college 
examinations.  The  adoption  of  the  former  plan  seemed 
likely  to  restrict  materially  the  usefulness  of  the  book,  where 
so  many  different  grammars  are  in  use  ;  and  the  latter  would 
involve  the  necessity  of  repeating  again  and  again  questions 
on  the  same  topic,  and  would  thereby  cause  the  book  to 
reach  an  unwieldly  size  if  it  should  aim  at  anything  like  com- 
pleteness. I  have,  therefore,  after  giving  a  few  pages  of 
questions  on  the  forms,  which  will  be  useful  to  all  from  the 

M689474 


PEEFACE. 

very  beginning  of  their  study,  arranged  the  questions  in  such 
a  way,  that,  while  they  follow  the  natural  development  of  the 
subject  as  generally  adopted  in  grammars,  they  are  still 
strictly  miscellaneous  throughout  the  whole  book.  If  a  dozen 
consecutive  questions  be  taken  anywhere  in  the  book  they 
will  be  found  to  relate  to  a  considerable  variety  of  points  and 
will  therefore  represent  pretty  fairly  an  ordinary  examination 
paper.  But  on  the  other  hand  a  teacher  may,  if  he  please, 
assign  any  particular  questions  he  may  choose,  by  naming  or 
writing  on  the  black-board  the  numbers  of  those  he  desires 
answered.  I  think  it  would  be  found  worth  while  to  give  up 
one  of  the  hours  of  recitation  once  a  month,  or  even  oftener, 
to  the  answering  of  a  certain  number  of  these  questions,  the 
class  being  told  beforehand  that  the  questions  to  be  given 
would  be  found  on  such  and  such  pages.  I  assume  here 
that  each  of  the  pupils  has  a  copy  of  the  book  ;  and  when 
this  is  the  case  it  may  be  used  with  effect  also  in  class,  the 
pupils  being  called  upon  to  answer  orally  any  selected  ques- 
tions. 

The  miscellaneous  arrangement  of  the  questions  precluded 
any  attempt  to  graduate  them  in  the  order  of  difficulty  ;  but 
it  will  be  found  that  as  advance  is  made  a  more  complete 
knowledge  is  assumed  ;  and  I  have  besides  indicated  those 
questions,  which  seem  to  me  a  litde  harder  than  others  near 
them,  by  setting  the  figures  in  a  little  further  from  the  margin, 
I  intended  at  one  time  to  give  pretty  generally,  at  the  end  of  the 
questions, references  to  the  principal  grammars  in  use.  But  I 
soon  found  that  I  could  not  manage  to  do  this  very  satisfactorily, 
and  besides  I  became  doubtful  of  its  expediency.  I  have,  there- 
fore, given  such  references  only  when  it  seemed  to  me  that 
there  was  some  possibility,  whether  from  the  phraseology 


PREFACE. 

employed  or  some  other  reason,  that  the  import  of  a  question 
might  be  mistaken. 

I  have  throughout  spoken  of  inflected  words  in  the  usual 
manner.  I  have  done  so  because,  while  to  persons  who 
have  been  taught  on  the  stem-system,  either  mode  of  pre- 
sentation is  equally  intelligible,  this  could  by  no  means  be 
assumed  to  be  true  of  those  who  have  learned  to  regard  the 
nominative  case  or  the  first  person  as  the  starting  point ; 
and  I  desired  to  render  the  book  as  generally  useful  as  I 
could.  I  mention  this  because  I  do  not  wish  it  to  be  under- 
stood that  my  abstaining  from  giving  the  stems  of  inflected 
words  is  due,  in  the  least  degree,toany  weakening  of  my  faith  in 
the  enormous  advantages  of  that  system.  On  the  contrary,  in- 
creased experience  only  enhances  my  surprise  that  so  manifest 
an  improvement  should  still  be  waiting  for  universal  recog- 
nition. To  quote  Prof.  G.  Curtius.  ErlduL  c.  6.  (Eng.  Tr. 
p.  49.)  ''In  the  whole  theory  of  inflection,  everything  turns 
on  the  strong  and  sharp  distinction  between  stem  and  termin- 
ation. On  this  is  based  all  analysis  of  forms.  Even  the  pupil 
can  easily  be  brought  to  understand  that  the  stem  of  a  noun, 
to  go  no  further  for  an  instance,  which  peculiarly  and  exclu- 
sively conveys  the  meaning,  runs  through  all  the  cases, 
while  the  terminations  are  added  to  it  to  denote  the  several 
cases,  among  which  the  nominative  singular  naturally  has  a 
place.  Compared  with  all  the  earlier  methods  the  stem-sys- 
tem has  the  advantage  of  far  greater  simplicity. " 

CHARLES  D.  MORRIS. 
MoHEGAN  Lake,  Peekskill,  Sept.  4th,  1871. 


PREFACE 

TO   THE   SECOND   EDITION. 


There  has  been  no  change  made  in  the  text  of  the  present, 
edition  of  this  little  book,  beyond  the  correction  of  various 
misprints  which  had  found  their  way  into  the  former  one. 
I  have,  however,  added  an  index,  which  may  serve  as  an 
analytical  table  of  contents.  The  plan  which  I  adopted,  of 
arranging  the  questions  miscellaneously,  while  it  renders  it 
perfectly  easy  to  assign  an  examination  paper  covering  several 
points  by  simply  pitching  upon  a  dozen  consecutive  questions 
at  any  part  of  the  book,  does  not  lend  itself  so  readily  to  the 
needs  of  those,  who,  having  taken  their  pupils  over  a 
particular  part  of  the  subject  in  the  grammar  or  exercise 
book,  as,  for  example,  the  Ablative  case  or  the  Infinitive 
Mood,  may  desire  to  give  them  the  benefit  of  a  difierent  kind 
of  drill,  by  setting  them  to  answer  the  questions  which  this 
book  furnishes  on  the  matter  in  hand.  To  such  persons  I 
hope  that  the  index  may  prove  of  some  service,  in  rendering 
unnecessary  a  tedious  search  over  many  pages,  and  that  thus 
the  book  may  prove  a  useful  adjunct  to  any  grammar  w^hich 
may  be  employed,  and  may  be  found  conducive  not  only  to 
the  testing  of  work  supposed  to  be  completed,  but  also  to  the 
giving  a  clearer  apprehension  of  parts  of  it  while  it  is  in  pro- 
gress. It  is  obvious  that  the  questions  from  No.  552  to  the 
end  admit  of  no  classification,  and  they  are,  therefore,  not 
referred  to  in  the  index. 

C.  D.  M. 
May  SO,  1874. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


H. — Harkness'  Latin  Grammar. 

B. — Bullions  &  Morris'  Latin  Grammar. 

G. — Gildersleeve's  Latin  Grammar. 

A. — Andrews  &  Stoddart's  Latin  Grammar. 

Al. — Allen's  Latin  Grammar. 

Superiot  figures  refer  to  Morris'  Latin  Grammar. 


QUESTMS  ON  LATM  GRAMMAR. 


1.  Decline  mensa,  'a  table';  hortus,  'a  garden';  regnum,  *a 
kingdom'. 

2.  Decline  togetlier,  alta  fdgus,  *  a  high  beech  tree '.  De- 
cline ager,  'a  field';  puei^  *a  boy';  and  state  the  difference 
between  them. 

3.  What  cases  are  alike  in  the  First  Declension  ?  what  in 
all  neuter  nouns  ?  what  in  all  plural  nouns  ? 

4.  What  Declensions  haye  no  neuter  nouns  ?  In  what 
cases  does  the  declension  of  neuter  nouns  differ  from  that  of 
mascuhne  or  feminine  nouns  of  the  same  declension  (or 
stem)  ? 

^     5.  Decline,  explaining  the  formation  of  the  nom.  sing.,  rex^ 
'king';  lapis,  *  stone';  dux,  *  leader';  nepds,  'grandson'. 

6.  Decline,  sermo,  'speech';  miles,  'soldier';  or  do,  'rank'. 
In  the  last  two  explain  the  change  of  vowels  which  occurs. 

7.  Decline  onus,  'burden';  corpus,  'body';  flas,  'flower'; 
and  state  their  peculiarities. 

8.  Decline  together  saeva  vdx,  'a  savage  voice';  pulcer pdvo, 

*  a  beautiful  peacock ';  bonus  pater,  'a  good  father '. 

9.  Give  the  accus.  sing,  and  the  gen.  plur.  of,  liomo,  'man'; 
eques,  'knight';  vulnus,  'wound';  lumen,  'light';  latro,  *  rob- 
ber';/a5er,  'workman';  ^oe^a,  'poet'. 

10.  Decline  in  all  genders,  bonus,  'good';  llher,  'free';  piger, 

*  slow '. 


6  PROBATIO    LA,TIT^A. 

11.  Decline,  wrt 27 is,  'ship';  rupes,  *rock';  mare,  *sea'.       . 

12.  Decline  together,  stulia  avis,  'a  foolisli  bird';  grave pon- 
dus,  *a  heavy  -weight ';  tUtuiTi,  ovlle,  *  a  safe  fold '. 

•^     13.  Give  the  accus.  sing,  and  the  gen.  plur.  of,  lintei^,  '  wher- 
ry'; vulpes,  'fox';  imher,  *  shower';  ager,  'field';  Uius,  *  shore';  ^ 
obsos,  *  hostage'. 

14.  Decline  fnltis,  'mild',  in  all  genders.  What  classes  of 
words  of  the  Third  Decl.  have  the  abl.  sing,  in  I  ? 

15.  Decline,  animal,  'animal';  calcar,  'spar';  caedes, 
'  slaughter. ' 

16.  Decline,  tirbs,  'city';  fons,  'fountain';  prudens,  'pru- 
dent ',  the  last  in  all  genders. 

17.  Decline  together,  ferox  eques,  'a  bold  horseman';  felios 
terra,  '  a  happy  land '. 

18.  Decline,  cwrri^s, /chariot';  manus,  'hand';  ac2^s, 'needle'. 
What  nouns  of  the  Fourth  Decl.  retain  u  in  the  Dat.  and  Abl. 
plur.  ? 

y        19.  Decline  together,  lacus  ingens,  'a  large  lake';  cornH  acu^ 
turn,  'a  sharp  horn';  tristis  casus,  'a  sad  misliap'. 

20.  What  words  of  the  Fifth  Decl.  have  the  plural  complete  ? 
What  have  only  the  Nom.  Yoc.  and  Accus.  plur.  ?  Decline  dies, 
'day';  res,  'thing';  spes,  'hope'. 

/     21.  Decline  together,  res  facilis,  'an  easy  thing';  and  in  the 
sing.,  longa  acies,  'a  long  array'. 

22.  What  are  Adjectives  of  Theee  Teeminatioks  ?  of  Two  ? 
of  One  ?  Give  examples  of  each  class. 

23.  What  is  there  peculiar  in  the  decl.  of  deer,  'keen'?  How 
many  more  adjectives  like  it  ?  Give  the  principal  ones.  De- 
chne  deer. 

24  Decline  iogeih.eT, proelium  equestre,  'a  cavalry  skirmish'; 
deer  aurlga,  '  a  keen  driver '. 


QUESTIONS   OK   THE   ACCIDEKCE.  7 

25.  Decline  the  singular  of  solus,  'alone',  in  all  genders. 
What  other  words  are  declined  like  it  ? 

26.  Decline  the  singular  of  uier  *  which  of  the  two ',  in  all 
genders.     What  other  words  are  declined  like  it  ? 

27.  Decline  the  singular  of  alius  '  other ',  and  the  plural  of 
uierque  '  each ',  in  all  genders. 

28.  When  is  the  vocative  case  dilTerent  from  the  nominative? 
Give  the  genit.  and  abl.  singular  and  plural  of  ma7^e,  *sea'; 
dies,  *day';  h/pus,  *wolf';  miyo,  'maidea';  calcar,  *spur'; 
gener,  *  son-in-law ';  j?ass<?r,  'sparrow';  alius,  'other';  pweZ/a, 
'girl';  opusy  'work';  nubes,  'cloud';  iristis,  'sad'. 

29.  Decline  ego,  'I';  iH,  'thou';  su't,  'of  himself  &c. 
Give  the  Possessive  Pronouns  formed  from  these,  and  say  how 
they  are  declined. 

30.  DecHne  mens  pater,  '  my  father ';  mea  manus,  '  my  hand '; 
vir  nosier,  '  our  man '. 

31.  Decline  in  the  singular  uierque  coines^  '  each  comj)anion '; 
viraque  pars,  '  each  part ';  uirumqiie  mare,  '  each  sea '. 

32.  Decline  throughout,  aZiws  cl^z5,  'another  citizen';  alia 
res,  'another  thing';  aliud  opus,  ' another  work '. 

33.  DeclinQ  Jiic  vir,  'this  man';  liaec  mailer,  'this  woman'; 
Tiocflumen,  '  this  river '. 

34.  Decline  the  singular  of  ille,  isie,  ipse,  in  all  genders. 

35.  Declme  is  and  Idem,  and  point  out  the  relation  between 
the  two  in  regard  to  forms. 

36.  Decline  the  Eelative  pronoun  qui,  and  point  out  its 
differences  from  the  Interrogative  quis. 

37.  Write  out  the  nom.  and  accus.  sing,  and  plur. ,  in  all 
genders,  of  the  Indefinite  qitis,  and  of  its  compounds  allquis, 
quispiam,  quldam. 

38.  What  forms  of  the  Interrogative  and  tlie  Indefinite  i^vo- 


8  PEOBATIO   LATITTA. 

nouns  are  nsed  always  in  agreement  "witli  nouns,  and  "what  are 
so  generally  ? 

39.  Decline  tlie  nom.  and  accus.  sing,  and  plur.,  in  aU 
genders  of  quisquam,  quiviSf  quisque.  "What  parts  of  the  first 
of  these  are  wanting,  and  how  are  they  supplied  ?  also  decHne 
nemo,  '  no  one ',  in  the  singular. 

40.  Decline  together  is  gradus,  'that  step';  quod  genu, 
*  which  knee ';  illud  nomen,  '  that  name '. 

4:1.  Decline  in  the  Singular,  qullibet  clvis,  *any  citizen'; 
cdiqua  solus,  '  some  safety' ;  quldam  senator,  '  a  certain  senator. ' 

42.  Give  the  general  rule  for  the  formation  of  the  compara- 
tive and  superlative  degrees  of  Latin  adjectives.  Compare 
durus,  *hard';  levis,  'light';  auddx,  'bold'. 

43.  Compare  in  the  genit.  sing,  docius,  'learned';  veldx, 
'swift';  in  the  dat.  sing.,  ndbiiis,  'famous';  alius,  'high';  in 
the  abl.  j)lur.,  longus,  'long';  potens,  'powerful'. 

44.  Compare  pawper,  'poor';  piger,  'slow';  deer,  'keen'; 
Tjetus,  'old';  pulcer,  'fair';  faeilis,  'easy'.  What  other  ad- 
jectives are  formed  like  the  last. 

45.  Compare  Z>on2^s,  'good';  malus,  ^hsid.*;  parvus,  'small'; 
magnus,  'great';  mirijicus,  ^  'wondrous';  egenus,  'needy'; 
dives,  'rich';  nequam,  'worthless'. 

46.  Decline  melior,  '  better ',  throughout ;  and  saevior  hosiis. 
*a  more  savage  enemy,'  together. 

47.  Give  the  comparative  and  superlative  adjectives  assigned 
to  the  prepositions  oitrd,  extrd,  ultra,  infra,  intra,  supra,  prae, 
post. 

48.  How  are  the  Comparative  and  Superlative  of  senex,  '  old ', 
andjuvenis,  'young',  expressed? 

49.  Compare  the  adverbs  formed  from  the  adjectives  alius, 
'high';  gravis, ' hesiYj^ ;  faeilis,  'easy';  parvus,  'small';  mains, 
'bad'. 


QUESTIOISTS   01^  THE  ACCIDENCE.  d 

50.  Compare  the  adverbs  dnl,  *long';  saepe,  *  often';  tula, 
'safely';  bene,  'well';  aegre,  'wealdy. 

51.  What  are  Cardinal  numerals  ?  why  are  they  so  called  ? 
what  kind  of  question  will  they  answer  ?  which  of  them  are 
not  declined  ? 

Give  the  Latin  Cardinals  from  1  to  10. 

52.  Give  the  Latin  for  15, 16, 17, 18, 19 ;  and  explain  the  last 
two. 

53.  Decline  duo,  tres.   What  is  irregular  in  the  decl.  of  u7ius  ? 

54.  Give  the  Latin  for  12,  20,  29,  64,  78,  89,  98,  100,  1000. 

55.  What  is  the  Latin  for  xxrv,  xxxvm,  liix,  xlv,  vkik, 
liXXxn,  cci,  DLVH,  and  explain  the  Koman  method  of  notation. 

56.  What  are  Ordinal  numerals?  why  are  they  so  called? 
What  kind  of  question  will  they  answer  ? 

57.  Give  the  Latin  Ordinals  from  1st  to  10th. 

58.  Give  the  Latin  for  12th,  13th,  14th,  31st,  35th,  38th, 
49th,  100th,  200th,  300th,  1000th. 

59.  What  are  Distributive  numerals  ?  What  kind  of  question 
will  they  answer  ?  Give  those  answering  to  1,  2,  3,  &c.,  up  to 
15th. 

60.  Give  the  first  ten  numeral  Adverbs. 

61.  What  is  a  verb  ?  Explain  and  illustrate  the  distinction 
of  Transitive  and  Litransitive  verbs. 

62.  What  is  meant  by  'Active  Voice'?  What  by  'Passive 
Voice'?    Examples. 

63.  Which  are  the  moods  which  have  endings  distinctive  of 
Person  and  Number  ?  What  is  this  part  of  the  verb  sometimes 
called  ?  and  why  ? 

64.  Enumerate  the  parts  of  the  verb  which  are  Participial, 
i.e.,  unite  the  quality  of  a  substantive  or  an  adjective  with  the 


10  PEOBATIO   LATINA. 

meaning  of  a  verb.     "What  name  is  sometimes  given  to  this 
part  of  the  verb  ?  and  why  ? 

65.  What  are  the  *  Principal  Parts  *  of  a  Verb  ?  What  tenses 
are  suggested  by  each  ? 

66.  Give  the  second  person  plnr.  of  the  Indicative  tenses  of 
sum. 

67.  What  person  in  one  tense  of  sum  has  two  forms  ?  Write 
out  the  future  Imperative  of  sum,  and  also  the  loast  imperfect 
Subjunctive. 

68.  Which  of  the  compounds  of  sum  have  an  imperfect 
Participle  ?    Explain  the  formation  of  it  in  these  cases. 

69.  For  -what  Sire forem,  for entf  fore,  used? 

70.  What  is  the  irregularity  of  prosum?  Give  the  pres. 
imperf.  Indie,  the  past  imperf.  Subjunc,  and  the  imperf. 
Infin.  of  it. 

71.  What  are  the  irregularities  of  possum  ?  Conjugate  the 
pres.  imperf.  Indie,  the  j^res.  imperf.  Subjunc,  the  past  perf. 
Indie,  and  the  pres.  perf.  Subj. 

72.  How  are  the  four  regular  conjugations  distinguished  ? 
Explain  the  mode  in  which  the  various  forms  are  for  the  most 
made.  Illustrate  this  by  analysing  coendbimus,  'we  shall  dine'; 
monedUs,  *ye  may  advise ';  audwent,  'they  might  hear*. 

73.  Distinguish  between  Imperfect  and  Perfect  Tenses  as  to 
their  meaning.  What  form  of  the  verb  (or  verb-stem),  is  that 
from  which  the  Imperfect  Tenses  are  made  ? 

74.  *It  is  only  in  the  Imperfect  Tenses  that  there  Bjcefour 
conjugations  of  the  Latin  Verb.'  Is  this  statement  true? 
Illustrate  your  answer  by  examining  the  Perfect  Tenses  Indie. 
Active  of  amo  and  regd. 

75.  In  the  forms  amdbam,  amdbd,  amem,  amdrem,  point  out 
what  letters  determine  the  tenses  in  each  case ;  and  compare 


QUESTIONS   OTi   THE   ACCIDENCE.  11 

the  rules  thus  derived  with  those  which  explain  the  corre- 
sponding tenses  of  moneo,  regd,  audio, 

76.  Give  a  synopsis  ^  ^  -^  ^  of  the  tenses  of  the  Active  voice  of 
amo.  H.  216.  B.  284.  A.  156. 

77.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  Passive  tenses  of  moneo. 

78.  Conjugate  the  present  Imperative  Active  and  Passive  of 
audio  and  regd, 

79.  Give  all  the  forms  of  the  Infinitive  mood  of  amd  and 

77101160. 

80.  Parse  the  following  words,  and  conjugate  the  tenses  to 
which  they  belong : 

81.  Amdmstis ;  monedris ;  rectus  eriL 

82.  Audlie;  ames ;  monuerlL 

83.  Moneheris;  auditor ;  amdbdris. 

84.  Audlvisset;  audies ;  audids, 

85.  Monuerunt;  amdmint;  rectus  est. 

86.  Moms;  momMs ;  monereris. 

87.  Begito ;  monehdminl ;  audientur. 

88.  Bexero;  amdverant ;  moneant. 

89.  Give  a  synoiDsis  of  the  Active  and  Passive  tenses  of  regd. 

90.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  Active  and  Passive  tenses  of 
audio. 

91.  How  many  participles  has  the  Latin  Verb  ?  give  them, 
with  the  English,  from  amo,  and  audio.  Give  the  Gerund  and 
Supines  of  moneo  and  regd. 

92.  State  the  peculiarity  of  the  conjugation  of  capio,  *I 
take.*    What  other  verbs  are  conjugated  in  the  same  way  ? 

93.  Give  the  Present  imperf.  Indie.  Act.  and  Pass,  of  capio. 

94.  Give  the  Past  imperf.  Subj.  Act.  of  rapid,  *1  seize.' 


12  PKOBATIO   LATIIN^A. 

95.  Conjugate  the  tenses  of  tlie  Imperative  Act.  and  Pass, 
of  capio. 

98.  What  are  Dejponent  Yerbs  ?  What  Active  forms  have 
they  ?    How  is  the  Future  Infinitive  made  ? 

97.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  Tenses  of  mlror,  *  I  admire'; 
loquor,  *I  speak.' 

98.  Give  all  the  Infinitive  mood  and  the  Participles  of 
vagor,  ^I  wander';  ^equor,  *I  foUow';  vereor,  'I  fear'; 
hlandior,  *  I  coax.' 

99.  What  are  Semi-Deponent  Verbs  ?  enumerate  them. 
Give  a  synopsis  of  the  tenses  of  audeo,   *I  dare,'  and/tct^,  *I 

trust. ' 

100.  Give  the  general  rule  for  forming  the  Perfect  Active 
(Perfect  Active  stem)  and  the  Supine  (Perfect  Passive  stem) 
in  the  Pirst  conjugation ;  and  illustrate  by  the  verbs  certd,  '  I 
contend';  vocb^  'Icall';  nomino,  'I  name'. 

101.  The  same  for  the  Second  conjugation ;  liaheo,  *  I  have ' 
ierreo,  *  I  frighten';  dehed,  *Iowe'. 

102.  The  same  for  the  Third  conjugation;  dlco,  *I  say' 
ju7igd, '  I  join ';  dilcoy  *  I  lead '. 

103.  The  same  for  the  Fourth  conjugation ;  vestid,  *  I  clothe ' 
fluid  ^  'I  finish';  nuirib^  *  I  nurse'. 

104.  What  Yerbs  are  regarded  as  irregular  in  Latin  ?  enumer- 
ate those  which,  if  regular,  would  follow  the  Third  conjugation. 

105.  What  are  the  irregular  tenses  of  volb,  '  I  wish '  ?  Give 
the  pres.  imperf.  Indie,  and  the  past  imperf.  Subj.,  and  ex- 
plain the  irregTdarity  of  the  latter. 

103.  Give  the  pres.  imperf.  Indie,  and  the  pres.  imperf. 
Subj.  of  nblb^  *  I  am  unwilHng '  and  mCdb,  *  I  prefer '. 

107.  Give  the  imperf.  Infin.  of  volo^  nblb^  mdlb^  and  the  Im- 
perat.  of  nolo. 


QUESTIOIS^S   ON   THE  ACCIDEIs^CE.  13 

108.  Give  the  pres.  imperf.  Indie,  Act.  and  Pass,  oi  fero, 
*  I  bear ';  and  explain  the  irregular  forms. 

109.  Give  the  Imperative  and  imperf.  Infin.,  Act,  and  Pass. 
oifero, 

110.  Parse  ms,  mdvultis,  nolles,  veUs,fertis,ferrl,ferre,fertur, 

111.  To  what  conjugation  should  eo,  *Igo',  belong?  what 
are  the  irregularities  of  it  ?  Give  the  pres.  imperf.  Indie,  the 
future  imperf.  Indie,  and  the  pres.  imperf.  Subj. 

112.  "What  other  verbs  are  conjugated  like  ed  ?  give  the 
pres.  imperf.  Indie,  of  each. 

113.  What  is  the  employment  of  fid  ?  Like  what  regular 
verb  should  it  be  conjugated  ?  What  are  the  points  of  differ- 
ence ? 

114.  Explain  the  forms  es,  estis,  essem,  esto;  and  say  with 
what  they  may  be  confounded  if  the  vowel  be  not  marked. 

115.  Wliat  are  Defective  Verbs  ?  Give  the  parts  in  use  of 
did,  *  I  say '. 

116.  Give  the  forms  in  use  of  inquam,  *  quoth  I '. 

117.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  tenses  of  coepl,  *  I  begin ';  meminl, 
*I  remember';  odl,  *I  hate'.  What  forms  do  they  want? 
What  name  do  they  consequently  have  ? 

MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIONS. 

118.  Define  'a  sentence';  'Subject';  'Predicate';  'Com- 
plement' (^Predicate  adj.  or  noun).  Show  how  in  Latin  a 
single  word  may  be  a  com]3lete  sentence. 

119.  Define  and  illustrate  the  terms  'Agreement';  'Attri-. 
bute';  'Apposite'  (=noun  in  Apposition). 

120.  What  is  meant  by  the  expression  '  the  three  concords '? 
Show,  by  declining  mons,  timns,  castelhmiy  each  with  the  adj. 


14  PROBATIO   LATIKA. 

altus^  what  is  the  rule  for  the  concord  of  an  adjective  with  a 
noun. 

121.  Wliat  is  the  rule  for  the  agreement  of  a  finite  verb  with 
its  subject  ?  When  are  subjects  of  the  First  or  Second  person 
expressed  ? 

122.  Decline  dea,  '  goddess ',  and  point  out  its  irregularity. 
Do  any  other  words  have  the  same  ?  if  so,  what  ? 

123.  Give  the  principal  parts  oijuvd,  *  I  aid';  veld,  *I  for- 
bid'; lavo,  *  I  wash';  sio,  'I  stand';  mordeo,  'I  bite'. 

124.  Mention  the  regular  mode  of  forming  the  Perfect  Act. 
(Perf .  Act.  stem)  of  the  four  conjugations. 

125.  How  is  the  Future  Participle  Act.  made  ^'^'^  ?  Give 
this  participle  of  orior,  *  I  arise';  morior,  *Idie';  sono^  'I 
sound ';  and  show  how  these  forms  illustrate  the  rule. 

12B.  Give  the  general  rules  for  the  gender  of  nouns,  as  deter- 
mined by  their  meaning. 

127.  In  what  respects  do  the  Perfect  tenses  Passive  agree 
with  their  subjects  ?  Why  is  the  rule  different  from  that  aj^li- 
cable  to  other  parts  of  the  Verb  ?    Illustrate. 

128.  Decline  mX  *snow';  ms,  *  force';  os,  'bone'. 

129.  In  what  ways  are  Distributive  numerals  employed  ? 
Give  them  for  the  numbers  1,  8,  9,  16,  21. 

130.  What  are  Frequentative  verbs  ?  how  are  they  usually 
formed?  Form  such  verbs  from  curro,  *I  run';  cldmo,  *I 
shout ';  died,  '  I  say '. 

131.  Give  the  principal  parts  (stems)  oi  jacio,  *I  throw'; 
jaceo,  'Hie';  vincd,  'I  conquer';  vijicid,  *  I  bind';  haereo,  *I 
cling';  Jiaurio,  *  I  draw'. 

132.  Give  a  list  of  the  Prepositions  which  are  followed  by 
the  accusative. 


[miscellaneous  QUESTIOISrS.  15 

133.  What  is  the  rule  for  the  agreement  of  a  compound 
(composite)  subject  with  its  verb  ^^"^  ?  State,  with  examples, 
the  cases  where  the  rule  does  not  hold,  ^ '  ^  H.  463,  B.  643,  G. 
80,  Al.  p.  58,  A.  211,  E.  12. 

134.  What  are  Collective  nouns?  Examples.  Translate, 
and  explain  the  construction  of  :  pars  epulis  onerant  meyisds. 

Translate,  and  Explain  the  constr.  of :  (1)  capita  conjurdtionis 
securl  percussl  sunt ;  (2)  Suheunt  Tegeaea  juvenilis  auxilio  tardl. 
What  name  is  given  to  such  constructions  ^  ^  -^  ?  H.  461.  B. 
G78.  G.  8.  Al,  p.  55.  A.  205,  b.  33. 

135.  Give  the  rule  for  the  agreement  of  the  Eelative  Pro- 
noun with  its  antecedent.  How  is  its  case  determined  ?  Illus- 
trate this  subject  by  explaining  :  (1)  erant  itinera  duo,  quihus 
iiineribus  exlre  possent ;  (2)  quein  vides  rex  est. 

136.  In  what  senses  are  adjectives  used  as  nouns  ^  9  s  9  j^^- 
amples.  Translate  and  explain  :  omnium  rerum  mors  est  extre- 
mum.    H.  441.  B.  658  G.  3.  Al.  p.  55.  A.  205,  k.  7. 

137.  What  is  meant  by  'the  copula'  ^^^  ?  What  kinds  of 
verbs  have  a  similar  use,  and  are  therefore  called  copulative 
verbs  ?  Examples.  H.  353.  B.  667.  G.  4.  Al.  p.  134,  A.  210, 
B.  3. 

138.  Compare  nequam,  frUgl,  dexter,  infra,  prope.  In  what 
senses  are  the  adjectives  inferus,  superus,  posie)*us,  exterus, 
used? 

139.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  tenses  of  caedo,  *I  fell'.  Act.  and 
Pass. 

140.  What  are  Impersonal  Verbs  ?  Give  a  synopsis  of  the 
tenses  of  oportet,  *it  behoves';  poenitet,  *it  repents  '. 

141.  Conjugate  through  the  persons  sing,  and  plur.  pudet  me 
stultiiiae,  changing  only  the  pronoun. 

142.  Parse :  eant,  mdllent,  nonvis,  ferte,  ~i,  posse,  fiei,  estis, 
/actus  sitjfertd,  Idto, 


16  PEOBATIO   LATIiVTA. 

143.  Eow  are  adverbs  usually  formed  from  adjectives  ?  Give 
tlie  three  degrees  of  adverbs  formed  from  Idtus,  gravis,  aeger, 
tutus,  facilis,  tonus,  parvus. 

144.  Wbat  is  tbe  rule  for  the  agreement  of  an  Apposite  "^  °  ^  ? 
In  regard  to  suhstantlva  mohilia  ?  in  reference  to  two  or  more 
nouns  ?  Give  examples  of  each  case.  H.  363.  B.  622.  G.  118. 
Al.  p.  53.  A.  204. 

145.  Translate  and  explain  the  construction  of  :  med  untus 
opera  ^^^/  med  solius perlculo ;  nostrds  mdistl  flentis  ocellos.  H. 
397.  B.  628.  G.  118.  A.  211.  b.  4,  b,  Al.  p.  54. 

146.  Give  the  principal  parts  (stems)  of  pario,  reperio,  com- 
per  id ;  and  explain  the  formation  of  the  Perfect  Active  stem 
in  each. 

147.  Explain  the  terms,  Subject,  Predicate,  Complement, 
Attribute,  Apposite,  and  form  a  Latin  sentence  in  which  you 
can  mark  each. 

148.  If  the  persons  of  a  Composite  Subject  are  diHerent, 
what  determines  the  person  of  the  Yerb  ^  ?  7  9  Quote  or  make 
three  examxDles  to  illustrate  the  cases. 

149.  State  the  nominative-endings  (or  the  stem-letters  ^''^) 
which  usually  indicate  the  masculine  gender.  H .  124.  B,  152. 
Al.  p.  11. 

150.  Decline  mare,  'sea';  pignus,  *  pledge';  cor,  *  heart'; 
fructus,  *  fruit'.     Give  the  gender  of  each,  with  the  rule,  if 

any,  and  mark  the  quantity  of  all  the  long  vowels. 

151.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  '  attraction '  ^  s  s  ^  720^  Trans- 
late the  following  sentences,  and  point  out  what  is  to  be 
observed  in  regard  to  the  relative  pronoun,  (1)  parva  qiiaedam 
insula  est,  circvmfusa  illb  marl,  quod  Atlanticum,  quern  oceanum 
appelldtis.  (2)  Cassivellaunl  fines  d  maritimls  clvitdtibus  flii- 
men  dlvidlt,  quod  appelldtur  Tamesis.  (3)  o  nox  ilia  quae 
paene  aete7mds  hitlc  urhl  tenehrds  ottulistl.  H.  445.  B.  694.  G. 
408.  A.  206.  8,  IT.  Al.  p.  57. 


MISCELLAINTEOUS   QUESTIONS.  17 

152.  Give  the  principal  parts  (stems)  of  spohdeo;  seed;- 
maneo;  allicid;  intelligo,  and  give  otlier  compounds  of  lego 
conjugated  in  the  same  way. 

153.  Decline  in  the  singular /I^iws/  card;  pelagus.  "What 
other  words  are  like  the  last  ? 

154.  What  words  are  meant  by  '  Pluralia  tantum '  ^  *  s  9  Qiye 
examples  of  each  class.  H.  131.  B.  178.  G.  p.  30.  A.  97.  Al.  p. 
12. 

155.  State  the  nominative-endings  (or  the  stem-letters  ^^^) 
which  usually  indicate  the  feminine  gender.  H.  124.  B.  159. 
Al.  p.  11. 

156.  Enumerate,  -with  an  example  of  each,  the  various  uses 
of  the  Nominative  case. 

157.  What  seems  to  have  been  the  primary  import  of  the 
Accusative  case  ?  What  words  indicate  this  most  completely  ? 
Translate,  qui  vero  inde  redltus  Bomam!  and  point  out  what  is 
to  be  observed  in  the  construction. 

158.  What  is  the  construction  of  verbs  of  'teaching '?  What 
other  verbs  have  a  similar  construction  ?  What  is  the  constr. 
oipetoy  quaero,  postulo? 

159.  Explain  the  forms  ^°^  optdsils,  flesse,  audtsti,  nosse.  Is 
there  any  difference  in  the  rule  as  applied  to  the  various 
conjugations  ?    H.  234.  B.  315.  G.  p.  78.  A.  162.  7.  Al.  p.  38. 

160.  Explain  what  is  meant  by  *  Object.'  In  what  case  is  it 
made  ?  Translate  and  explain  :  (1)  animl  ingraft  crimen  liorreb  ; 
(2)  elves  meum  cdsum  luctumque  doluerunt, 

161.  Parse  (giving  the  principal  parts),  jussl,  rlsimus, 
iersistiSf  luxere,  ausl  simus,  liaeserdmus,  mansl,  gdmsl. 

162.  Give  the  meaning  in  the  singular  and  plural  of  the  fol- 
lowing (Heterological  ^^^)  words:  aedes ;  career ;  fortuna ; 
auxilium;  litter  a;  liortus ;  opera;  tabula;  sal  H.  132.  B.  179. 
A.  79.  Al.  p.  13. 


18  PROBATIO   LATINA. 

163.  Decline  in  the  singular :  Aeneas;  Belos;  Cwr ;  Orpheus. 
Account  for  the  various  forms  of  the  last. 

164  What  is  meant  by  'Factitive  Verbs*  '•^^?  Give  ex- 
amples with  their  construction.  [H.  373.  B.  715.  G.  132.  A. 
230. 

165.  Compare  liumilis^  niger,  malus,  dives;  and  give  the 
Positive  and  Comparative  forms  of  Imus,  summus,  postumus, 

166.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  tenses  of  morior  and  gaudeo. 

167.  In  "what  words  or  classes  of  words  may  the  genitive 
ending  drum  ^  ^  ^  be  contracted  into  um  ?  H.  42.  B.  56.  G.  p. 
13.  A.  d3.  Al.  p.  6. 

16S.  "What  cases  are  used  in  exclamations  ?    Give  examples. 

169.  What  is  the  usual  gender  of  names  of  rivers  and 
mountains  ^^^?  Enumerate  the  chief  exceptions  to  the  rule 
^'«-^     H.  35.  B.  33.  G.  p.  11.  A.  28.  Al.  p.  4. 

170.  Wliat  is  meant  by  the  *  Cognate  Accusative'?  Trans- 
late and  explain  the  constr.  of:  (1)  tertiam  jam  aetatem 
hominum  Nestor  vrvebat ;  (2)  carmina  qur  lasr  pastorum ;  (3) 
is  locus  id  temporis  vacuus  erat.  (4)  illud  assentior  Theo- 
phrasto. 

171.  What  is  meant  by  *a  Boot'?  *  a  Suffix'  ^^\  Explain 
the  formation  and  meaning  of  gaudium,  orndmentum,  lectio, 
lector,  mctrtx,  f'diola,  agmen,  congeries,  H.  320.  B.  508.  A.  100. 
Al.  p.  51. 

172.  Conjugate  the  Imperative  active  of  died.  What  other 
verbs  have  a  similar  jpeculiarity  ? 

173.  Mention  all  the  nouns  which  invariably  take  im,  i  "  "*  * 
in  the  accus.  abl.  sing. ;  and  others  which  do  so  occasionally. 
H.  85.  B.  110.  G.  p.  23.  A.  79.  Al.  p.  125. 

174-  Explain  the  terms  * Heteroclite '  and  'Heterogeneous'; 
and  give  as  many  examples  of  each  class  as  you  can. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIOjS-S.  19 

175.  What  is  meant  by  the  accus.  of  'nearer  definition' 
(Limitation  7  5  e j  9  "What  other  name  is  applied  to  it,  and  why? 
Give  examples  and  show  what  would  be  the  more  usual  Latin 
construction.     H.  380.  B.  728.  G.  130.  A.  234.  ii.  AI  p.  68. 

176.  How  is  'motion  to'  Towns  expressed?  What  other 
words  have  the  same  construction  ?  Translate  and  explain 
what  is  unusual  in :  (1)  Pompeius  marr  Siciliam  adiit,  Africam 
exploravit,  inde  Sardiniam  cum  classe  vCnit.  (2)  spSluncam 
dCveniunt. 

177.  Parse  (giving  the  principal  parts  of  each  verb)  nupsii, 
amplectetur,  fixerU,  JUsa,  Jinxerd,  fldat^  coniulisset, 

178.  Give  the  cardinal  numerals  answering  to  8^  18,  98 ;  3, 
13,  39  ;  2,  200,  2000. 

179.  Give  the  ordinal  numerals  answering  to  26,  34,  42,  57, 
69,  73,  81,  95. 

180.  Compare  the  following  adverbs :  digne,  gravUer,  saepe^ 
diu,  magnopere,  dcriter,  parum,  male,  bene, 

181.  What  are  Literjections  ?  Give  the  principal  ones, 
mentioning  the  cases  which  often  accompany  them. 

182.  Define  and  exemplify  'Mobile'  and  'Epicene'  nouns. 

183.  Explain  the  formation  and  meaning  of  cdpiosics,  cwllis, 
auddcia,  Irdcundus.  Form  adjectives  expressing  'propensity 
to — '  from  edo,  'I  eat',  loquor,  'I  talk',  audeo,  'I  dare'. 

184.  Translate  and  explain  the  constr.  of  the  marked  words: 
(1)  bestiae  quaedam  tinum  diem  vrvunt ;  (2)  cTvitas  sita  fuit 
passus  mille  fermS  a  marl ;  (3)  SuSvI  non  muUtim  frSmentO 
sed  maximam  partem  lacte  atque  pecore  vlvunt. 

185.  Enumerate,  with  an  example  of  each,  the  chief  uses 
of  the  Accusative  case. 

186.  Decline  together  in  the  singular  bos  quidam;  and  in  ih& 
plural  quivis  senex. 


20  PKOBATIO   LATIITA. 

187.  Parse  (giving  the  principal  parts  of  each  verb)  fregisfi, 
ruperit,  capias,  velit,  vellit,  Idbeiur,  experrectus  erat 

188.  What  are  Inceptive  Yerbs  ?  how  formed  ?  from  what  ? 
examples. 

189.  Give  the  cases  in  use  from  the  stems  ^  *  ^  op-,  fort-, ,, 
impet-,  grdt-,  vie-.  What  norms  have  no  nom.  sing,  in  use  ? 
H.  133.  B.  182.  G.  p.  30.  A.  94  Al.  14. 

190.  Translate,  and  explain  the  construction  of  :  (1)  inutile 
ferrum  cingitur ;  (2)  o  fallacem  hominum  spem  !  (3)  pro 
deorum  atque  hominum  fidem  ! 

191.  What  is  the  most  common  use  of  the  Genitive  case  ? 
Explain  the  distinction  implied  by  the  names  *  subjective '  and 
*  objective '  genitive,  with  examples  of  each. 

192.  What  is  meant  by  *  Prosody'?  Explain  the  terms 
'  short ',  '  long ',  '  doubtful ',  as  applied  to  syllables. 

193.  Decline  dcus,  domus,  and  in  the  sing.  Laelius, 

194.  What  is  the  usual  gender  of  names  of  *  trees ',  *  cities ', 
'precious  stones'  ^^^.  Mention  any  exceptions  to  the  rule. 
H.  35.  B.  34.  G.  p.  11.  A.  29. 

195.  Wliat  is  meant  by  the  Partitive  Genitive  ?  in  what 
other  way  is  the  same  relation  sometimes  expressed  ?  Translate 
and  explain  :  (1)  multae  harum  arborum  mea  manu  sunt  satae; 
(2)  utroque  vestrum  delector;  (3)  h5c  ad  te  minims  omnium 
pertinet ;  (4)  nihir  ex  his  quae  vidimus  manet.  In  (2)  could 
vestrl  be  used  ? 

196.  Translate  and  explain  the  use  of  the  Genitives  in  the 
following :  (1)  Polycleti  signa  plane  perfecta  sunt ;  (2)  singu- 
lorum  opSs  sunt  divitiae  cmtatis ;  (3)  ctijusvrs  hominis  est 
errare  ;  (4)  est  adolescentis  majorCs  natu  ver5rr  ;  (5)  I)5iphob5 
Glaucr  regr  talia  fatur. 

197.  Conjugate  the  pres.  imperf.  Indie.  Act.  of  ca2no,  pruded, 
prosum. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  21 

198.  Parse  (giving  tlie  principal  parts  of  each)  desiisse,  nurds 
sieterunt,  parids,  parcds,  pards. 

199.  Decline  in  the  sing,  in  all  genders  cehr  and  niger. 

200.  What  are  the  exceptions  to  the  rule  that  one  vowel 
before  another  in  the  same  word  is  short  ? 

201.  Decline  in  the  sing.  Cyhele,  aether,  Dtdo. 

202.  What  are  Patronymics  ?  Give  the  suffixes  which  are 
used  in  forming  them.  Make  them,  masc.  and  fem.,  from 
Tantalus,  Theseus,  Aeneds, 

203.  AVhat  is  meant  by  the  genitive  of  *  specification  * 
(Definition'^')?  what  would  be  the  usual  constr.  in  such 
cases  ?  Translate  and  explain  :  (1)  ex  amore  nomen  amrcitiae 
ductum  est.  (2)  dominl  appellationem  semper  exhorruit. 
(3)  triste  est  ipsum  nomen  carendr.  [H.  396.  B.  631.  G.  156. 
A.  204.  E.  6.  Al.  p.  60. 

204.  Wha;t  is  meant  by  the  genitive  of  'quality'  (*Descrii> 
tive '  genitive  ^ '  ^)  ?  What  point  of  dijBference  is  there  between 
the  Latin  and  the  English  construction  ?  Translate  and  ex- 
plain :  (1)  vir  bonus  summae  pietatis  erga  deum  est ;  (2) 
Tarquinius  fratrem  habuerat  Aruntem,  mrtis  ingenir  juvenem ; 
(3)  non  multr  cibi  hospitem  accipiss,  multi  jocr.  H.  396.  B. 
757.  G.  161.  A.  208.  k.  6.  Al.  p.  60. 

205.  Whai  is  the  difference  between  the  Active  and  Passive 
voices  of  a  transitive  verb  ?  what  changes  must  be  made  in 
changing  an  Active  construction  into  the  Passive  ?  Convert 
the  following  sentences  into  Passive  constructions  :  (1)  SgregiO 
consul  rem  gessit;  (2)  gigantGs  bellum  dis  intulSrunt;  (3) 
tendo  supmas  ad  caelum  mantis ;  (4)  ille  malum  virus  serpenti- 
bus  addidit  atrrs. 

200.  What  suffixes  must  be  attached  to  a  substantive  to 
express  (1)  a  person  engaged  with  a  thing ;  (2)  the  office  of  a 
person ;  (3)  a  collection  (of  trees,  &c. )  ?  Form  such  derivatives 
from  (1)  argerdum,  *  money';   s'lca,  *  dagger';   aqua,  *  water'; 


22  PROBATIO   LATi:^rA. 

(2)  consul,  'consul';  trihunus,   *  tribune';  praetor^  *  praetor'; 

(3)  myrtus,  *  myrtle'.;  rosa,  *rose';  vlmeAi,  *  osier'. 

2C7.  What  are  Intransitive  Verbs  ?  Sliow  wliy  they  cannot 
be  used,  like  Transitive  Verbs,  with  a  complete  Passive. 
What  Passive  form  may  they  have  in  Latin,  and  how  are  they 
said  to  be  used  ?  what  is  their  subject  then  ?  Transfer  the 
pres.  imperf.  Ind.  of  currby  *I  run,'  into  the  Passive. 

208.  Translate  the  following  sentences  and  explain  the  use 
of  the  genitive  in  each.  (1)  avida  est  perlcuK  virtus.  (2) 
insitus  est  nobis  amor  patriae.  (3)  jucunda  est  memoria 
praeteritorum  malorum. 

209.  Write  the  Perfect  and  Supine  of  d'digo,  reperio,  maned, 
'perfundb,  percello,   cedo,  caedo,  cado,  moved,  cognosco, 

210.  Write  the  following  words,  marking  the  quantity  of  the 
penultima,  giving  when  you  can  rules  of  prosody  :  iempora, 
responderunt,  dederint,  discedo,  iniquus,  oceanus,  remanet,  egly 
impedit,  manus,  brevis,  cervices,  protulit,  nolite,  vectigaL 

211.  Show  by  your  translation  of  the  following  plu^ases  that 
different  prepositions  must  often  be  used  in  English  to  repre- 
sent the  Latin  Genitive.  (1)  aditus  laudis ;  (2)  consolatio 
rSrum  adversarum  ;  (3)  dsslderium  urbis ;  (4)  maeror  f uneris  ; 
(5)  remedium  irae  ;  (6)  metus  hostium.  Show  how  the  last  is 
ambiguous.  Apply  to  each  use  the  proper  name  and  justify 
ifc. 

212.  Explain  the  irregularity  of  the  forms  ^  ^  ^  scripsit,  dixe, 
accestis,  nfdrlhal,  sclbo,  edim,  duim,  lauddrier,  Idhier ;  and  give 
the  Principal  Parts  of  each.      H.  234.  B.  320.  G.  p.  102.  A. 

162.  7. 

213.  Decline  Mnestlieus,  AcMUes,  Tliales,  Dido, 

214.  Translate  the  following  sentences,  explaining  the  use  of 
the  genitive  in  each.  (1)  Italia  plGna  est  Graecarum  artium  ; 
(2)  patiens  est  laboris  atque  frTgoris  ;    (3)   iDhilosophia  est 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIOl^S.  23 

efficiens  voluptatis ;  (4)  sitientem  m5  yirtutis  tuae  dCjeruistl; 
(5)  bestiae  sunt  rationis  et  orationis  expertCis. 

215.  Mention  the  gender  of  the  following  words,  stating 
the  rnles  under  which  they  come  or  to  which  they  are  except- 
ions. Sermo,  agger,  lectio,  cardo,  lapis,  scipio,  amnis,  nex, 
dchna,  dies,  deus,  marmor,  manus,fructus>  dominus,  cornu,  res, 
W:iat  feminine  nouns  are  there  in  -us  (stem  -o-)? 

216.  Decline  satrapes,  potma,  canepTioros, 

217.  Distinguish  the  meaning  cf  the  Singular  and  Plural  of 
the  following  (Heterological  ^"■^)  words:  aqua,  copia,  opera, 
rostrum,  gratia,  pars,  comitium,  Indus.  H.  132.  B.  179.  A.  97. 
Al.  p.  13. 

218,  Decline  in  the  Sing,  and  Plur.  carhasus,  caelum,  locus, 
anceps. 

219.  What  is  the  construction  of  verbs  of  rememhering, 
forgetting,  &c.  Give  examples.  Translate  and  explain  the 
sentences  :  (1)  venit  mihiin  mentem  Platonis ;  (2)  non  venit  in 
mentem  pugna  apud  Eegillum  lacum. 

220.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  sentences  :  (1)  vacuae 
caedis  sunt  mantis ;  (2)  TuUia  celeriter  adolescentem  suae 
temeritatis  implet ;  (3)  stultum  est  eorum  meminisse,  propter 
quae  tur  oblivisceris  ;  (4)  lassus  maris  et  viarum  ;  (5)  animr 
pendere  soleo. 

221.  Give  the  3rd  pers.  sing.,  and  2nd  pers.  Plur.  of  all  the 
tenses  of  eo. 

222.  Give  all  the  Infinitives  and  Participles  of  rapid  and 
ve7^eo7\ 

223.  How  is  the  passive  oifacio  expressed  ?  How  that  of  its 
compounds  ^oo.     H.  279.  B.  429.  A.  ISO.  Al.  p.  42. 

224.  Give  a  list  of  nouns  with  nom.  sing,  is  (stem  -i-  ^^'^) 
which  vary  from  the  rule  in  regard  to  gender,  H.  106.  B.  160, 
G.  p.  23.  A.  63.  Al.  p.  11. 


24  PEOBATIO   LATINA. 

225.  Wliat  verbs  take  tlie  genitive  of  the  cause  ofemotioyi  ^  ^ "  ? 
How  do  misereor  and  misei^or  differ  in  tlieir  construction  ? 
Quote  or  make  examples.  H.  409,  410.  B.  783,  805.  G.  173. 
A.  215.  Al.  p.  62. 

22G.  Decline  together  in  the  Sing.  Marcus  Tullius  Cicero 
senex, 

227.  Give  the  PrinciiDal  Parts  of  adjuvo,  nolo^  venio,  paciscor, 
sperno,  fovea,  mordeo,  scindo,  marking  the  long  vowels. 

228.  Give  a  synopsis  of  mordeo  and  paciscor,  and  inflect  the 
Imperative^ 

229.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences. 
(1)  MiltiadCs,  capitis  absolutus,  pecunia  multatus  est ;  (2) 
nostrr  nosmet  poenitet ;  (3)  ICgibus  ambitus  interrogatus 
poenas  dedit ;  (4)  reus  votr  est. 

230.  "What  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  monosyllables  ? 
Give  the  Exceptions. 

231.  What  is  meant  by  weak  position  idehilis  posiiio)  ^  ^  6  2  9 
What  difference  of  usage  is  there  in  regard  to  Latin  and  Greek 
words  ?    H.  611.  B.  1428.  G.  p.  10.  A.  284.  ex.  2.  Al.  p.  lOG. 

232.  Decline  sus,  cams,  meiisis,  anceps. 

233.  Give  examples  of  singuldria  tanium  ^^''  and  plurdlia 
taiitum.     H.  130.  B.  177.  G.  p.  30.  A.  95.  Al.  14. 

234.  Wlien  is  the  Genitive  used  to  express  tlie  value  of  a 
thing  ?  mention  certain  adjectives  and  nouns  sj)ecially  so  used. 
What  is  the  construction  of  aestimo  ?  Is  the  genitive  of  any 
words  used  with  verbs  of  buying  ?  if  so,  name  them. 

235.  Translate  and  explain  the  following  phrases  :  (1) 
magna  pars  hominum  ;  (2)  quod  operae  ctiraeque  in  litterls 
ponis  ;  (3)  satis  eloquentiae,  sapientiae  parum  ;  (4)  abunde 
jpotentiae  gloriaeque  ;  (4)  quantl  quisque  s6  ipse  facit,  tantr  fit 
ab  amrcls ;  (5)  est  mihi  tantr. 

236.  State  the  construction  and  usual  position  of  causa, 
grdiid,  ergo,  instar.     Quote  or  make  an  example  of  each. 


MISCELLAiSTEOUS   QUESTIOiq^S.  25 

237.  Form  nouns  to  express  (1)  the  male  agent  from  aro^ 

*  plougli ' ;  curro,  *  run  ' ;  (2)  the  female  agent  from  faved, 
'  favour 'j  ulciscor,  *  avenge';  (3)  the  instrument  from  venor, 
*hant';   lavo,  *wash';  (4)  the  place  for  from  bos,  *ox';  ovis, 

*  sheep  *. 

238.  Decline  in  the  singular  aUe^*  ille  homo,  and  in  the  plural 
vos  duae  urbes. 

239.  Enumerate,  with  an  examjole  of  each,  the  chief  uses 
of  the  Genitive  case. 

240.  Parse,  giving  the  Principal  Parts  of  each  verb,  cancts, 
mensus  sis,  Jiauserit,  vinxistl,  ventum  est,  trwere,  soles,  consitus, 

241.  What  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  the  last  syllable  of 
words  ending  in  a  and  e  ?  mention  the  chief  exceptions  in 
each  case. 

242.  What  is  probably  the  primary  meaning  of  the  Dative 
case  ?  show  how  this  meaning  will  account  for  most  of  the 
uses  of  it  ?  Illustrate  by  examples  in  which  the  original 
meaning  is  most  apparent. 

243.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  PelopidSs  omnibus  perrculrs  adfuit ;  (2)  parva  magnTs  saejpe 
rectissime  confer untur ;  (3)  vestrr  auxiHl  est,  judices,  hujus 
innocentiae  subvenlre ;  (4)  Hannibal  Alexandro  Magno  non 
est  postponendus. 

244.  Give  the  Principal  parts  oiferb  when  compounded  with 
ad,  ob,  dis-,  sub,  ex,  ob, 

245.  Compare  the  adjectives  'gracilis,  mirtficiis,  egenus,  and 
the  adverbs  leviter,  pulore,  diil, 

246.  When  the  Perfect  Active  is  made  by  reduplication, 
what  vowel  may  the  prefix  take  ?  what  change  may  the  stem- 
vowel  undergo  ?  what  verbs  retain  the  reduplication  in  their 
compounds  ?    Dlustrate  by  examples. 

247.  Translate  with  j^recision  and  comment  on  the  sen- 


26  PROEATIO   LATI1S"A. 

tences  :  (1)  Livitis  Ennio  aequalis  fuit ;  (2)  aequalis  C^jus  fuit 
AristrdSs  :  (3)  hand  similis  virgo  est  virginnm  nostrarum  ;  (4) 
patrr  simiKs  est  frlius ;  (5)  Carthago  fuit  aemula  imperil 
Eomanr  •  (6)  dictator  Caesar  summis  oratoribus  fuit  aemulus. 
Mention  any  other  words  with  a  similar  variety  of  construc- 
tion. 

248,  What  constructions  may  propior,  proximus  have  ? 

249,  **The  stem  of  the  Present  Tense  (Imperfect  stem)  is 
often  not  identical  with  the  root  of  the  Verb. "  Give  examples 
of  this,  and  indicate  various  ways  in  which  Verbal  roots  are 
modified  in  the  formation  of  the  i)resent  Tense. 

250.  Give  a  synopsis  of  morior,  and  of  the  active  of  torreo, 

251.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  cogo,  compingo,  emo,  coma, 
adimo,  colligo,  intelligd. 

252.  What  is  meant  by  the  Dative  of  *  Interest'?  How 
can  this  use  be  shown  to  be  connected  with  the  primitive 
meaning  of  the  case  ?    Examples. 

253.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences: 
(1)  homini  fidelissimr  sunt  equus  et  canis  ;  (2)  nobrs  spondet 
fortuna  salutem ;  (3)  philosophia  medstur  animrs  ;  (4)  obsidos 
reliquls  eivitatibus  imperavit ;  (5)  Jugurtha  omnr  Numidiae 
imperat. 

254.  Decline  nds,  n.  iter,  pulms,  7'espuhlica, 

255.  In  what  words  of  Dec!.  II.  ^^^  do  we  find  drum  con- 
tracted into  'ilm  ?    H.  45,  5.  B.  m.  G.  p.  15.  A.  53. 

256.  What  is  the  usual  gender  of  names  of  mountains  ? 
mention  some  exceptions. 

257.  What  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  i  final  ?  give  the 
excejptions. 

258.  What  cases  follow  faved,  *  favour  ',  deficio,  '  fail ', 
nubo,  *  marry',  noceo,  *hurt',  laedo,  *hurt',  Jz<a?t>,  ^"assist  ^ 
medeoTy  'heaVjJubed,  *  order',  ignosod,  *  pardon ',/itcf(},  *  trust'. 


t 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  27 

pared,  *obey'?    Make  or  quote  an  example  to  sliow  the  con- 
struction of  each. 

259.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  follo^ving  sentences  : 
(1)  parce  pio  generr ;    (2)  hoc  mihi  confirmavit  et  persuasit ; 

(3)  victrls  causa  dels  placuit  sed  victa  Catom;    (4:)  ego  hmc 
causae  patronus  exstitr ;  (5)  nuUr  turpitudinl  servit. 

260.  Give  the  distributive  numerals  and  the  numeral  adverbs 
answering  to  10,  18,  29,  32,  68,  100. 

261.  What  is  meant  by  the  *  Ethical '  Dative  ^  ^  ^  ?  Is  there 
any  corresiDonding  idiom  in  English  ?  Translate  and  explain  : 
(1)  ecce  tibi  exortus  est  IsocratOs  ;  (2)  quid  sibi  vult  avfiritia 
semlis  ?  (3)  pro  deiim  fi  dem  quid  vobrs  vultis  ?  H.  389.  B. 
838.  G.  149.  A.  228.  (a)  Al.  p.  64. 

262.  Translate  and  comment  on  :  (1)  semper  in  cTvitate, 
quibus  opCs  nuUae  sunt,  bonis  invident ;  (2)  est  mihi  domi 
pater,  est  injusta  noverca ;  (3)  mihi  quaestor  imperatori  fuerat 
Plancius  ;  (4)  Aeduorum  cTvitatr  praeci^Due  indulserat. 

263.  Decline  together  in  the  singular  decimus  quisque  ordo, 
and  in  the  plural  mcijus  isiud  onus, 

264.  Parse,  giving  the  Principal  Parts  of  each  verb,  mttris, 
lacessdiis,  concussit,  revixl,  ureris,  alUciet. 

265.  With  such  expressions  as  nomen  est  iihi,  in  -what  case  is 
the  name  usually  made  ^ '  ^  ?  in  what  sometimes  ?  H.  387,  1. 
B.  632.  G.  121.  A.  226.  b.  1.  Al,  p.  QQ, 

266.  Give  the  gender  of  pax,  flumen,  flcimen,  grexy  turho, 
segeSy  poriicuSj  calix,  canius,  iribus,  stating  the  rules  of  which 
they  are  examples  or  to  which  they  are  exceptions. 

267.  W^hat  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  final  o  ?  give  the 
exceptions  to  it. 

268.  Translate,  and  explain  the  use  of  the  Dative  in  the 
following  :  (1)  custos  frtimento  publico  est  positus.  (2)  Dum- 
norigT  custodss  p5nit.     (3)  barbarrs  ex  fortuna  pendet  fidCs. 

(4)  lionesta  bonis  virls  non  occulta  quaeruntur. 


28  PEOBATIO   LATIjS-A. 

2G9.  Decline  togeih.Q,T  jugum  praeceps  and  alia  ahles. 

270.  Exi^lain  how  the  Dative  is  apparently  used  as  the  agent 
with  Passive  verbs.  Comment  on  :  (1)  res  mihi  tota  provrsa 
est ;  (2)  haec  res  mihi  probatnr ;  (3)  barbarus  hrc  ego  sum, 
quia  non  intelligor  ullr. 

271.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  :  (1)  id 
totum  eripere  vobis  conatus  est ;  (2)  Prso  fratrem  ex  perTculo 
eripuit ;  (3)  tibi  sTca  ds  manibus  extorta  est ;  (4)  etiam  sapien- 
tibus  cupldo  gloriae  novissima  exuitur. 

272.  Form  nouns  expressive  of  abstract  qualities  or  states 
from  the  adjectives, /or/^s,  *  brave',  laeius,  *  joyful',  gravis, 
*  heavy ',  sanctus,  *  holy ';  and  adjectives  expressing  intensity  of 
action  from  the  verbs  grdtulor,  *  congTatulate ',  vereor,  *  fear ', 
Irascor,  '  be  angry ',  furo,  *  rage '. 

273.  Distinguish  the  negative  i3articles  nd7i,  haud,  ne, 
ne — quidem. 

274.  Give  all  the  Infinitives  and  Participles  oijuvo,  morioVy 
nascor,  seed,  orior,  partior, 

275.  What  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  final  w?  What 
final  consonants  usually  follow  short  vowels  ?  give  any  ex- 
cejDtions. 

276.  Distinguish  the  meaning  of  metud  te  and  metud  tibi,' 
of  consulo  te  and  consulo  tibi;  of  convenio  te  and  convenio  tibi. 
What  difference  of  meaning  have  tempero  and  moderor  when 
used  with  the  Accusative  or  the  Dative  ? 

277.  Give  a  list  of  verbs  which  take  an  Accusative  or  a 
Dative  without  important  difference  of  meaning. 

278.  What  is  meant  by  the  Dative  of  the  'end'?  How  is 
the  second  Dative  which  is  often  found  to  be  explained  ? 
Translate  and  comment  on  :  (1)  nimia  f rducia  calamitatr  solet . 
esse  ;  (2)  virtus  sola  nee  duno  datur  neque  accipitur ;  (3) 
Pausanias  vSnit  AtticTs  auxilio  ;  (4)  summam  laudem  Iloscio 
vitio  et  culpae  dedistl. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  29 

279.  Explain  accurately  tlie  phrases  :  (1)  cm  bonO  fiiit ;  (2) 
liaec  ad  bellum  usui  snnt ;  (3)  habeo  t5  dSspicatm  ;  (4)  liaec 
res  tibi  erit  probrO ;  (5)  receptul  canit ;  (6)  est  mihi  cordr  ;  (7) 
erit  milii  citrae. 

280.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  fiecio,  pectu,  fundo^  texo^ 
iego,  pmgd,  scinddy  pascoy  gigno, 

281.  Mention  some  adjectives  which  are  without  (1)  the 
Positive  degree,  (2)  the  ComiDarative,  (3)  the  Superlative. 

282.  AVhat  is  meant  by  the  *  Locative  *  case  ^^  ^  ?  with  what 
is  it  usually  identical  in  form  ?  Write  the  Locative  of  Boma, 
Ailienae,  Tarenium,  Tyrus,  PuieoTi,  Tlhur,  Cures,  Lemnos, 
Karthdgdf  Halicarnassus,  Delphi.  How  is  the  rule  of  Apposiiio)i 
modified  in  reference  to  Locatives  ?  H.  423.  B.  934.  G.  ISO. 
A.  221.  Al.  p.  74. 

283.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  sentences :  (1)  Archias 
po5ta  Antiochrae  natus  est,  celebrl  quondam  urbe  et  copiosS  ; 
(2)  cur  Delphis  oracula  jam  non  Gduntur  ?  (3)  Atticus  Antonium 
Trburr  convGnit ;  (4)  senatorCs  Neapolr  in  celeberrimo  oppido 
cum  mitella  vrdimus. 

284.  Distinguish,  by  quoting  or  making  examples,  the  use 
of  the  adj.  primus  and  the  adverbs  primz«?z  trnd-primO. 

285.  Explain  accurately  with  examples  the  constructions 
of  circumdo.    What  other  verbs  admit  a  similar  variation  ? 

286.  Explain  the  meaning  of  such  derivatives  as,  (1)  docilis  ; 
(2)  lapidusus;  (3)  aurltus ;  (4)  honiids ;  (5)  auddx ;  {^)  fraudu- 
lenUis ;  (7)  Cannensis;  (8)  latericiiis. 

287.  Explain  the  archaic  forms  perduini,  faxit,  a7x(ss}s, 
atisim. 

288.  In  what  case  is  animl  in  the  phrase  :  ego  animl 
pendere  soled  ?  Make  your  statement  consistent  with  the  ex- 
planation of  :  pendemus  animis,  crucidmur,  angimur, 

289.  Give  the  gender  of  the  following  nouns,  stating  the 


30  PROBATIO   LATIN  A. 

rules  of  wliicli  they  are  examples,  or  to  wliicli  tliey  are  ex- 
ceptions :  a^lnis,  mons,  arbor,  dies,  ordo,  iellus.  What  is  meant 
by  Epicene  nouns  ? 

290.  Enumerate,  with  an  example  of  each,  the  various 
uses  of  the  Dative  case.  How  is  the  sentence,  it  clamor  caeld^ 
to  be  explained  ? 

291.  Parse,  giving  the  Principal  Parts  of  each  verb,  jacids, 
fldere,  constitit,  connixit,  citus,  flesse,  lotus,  poius,  concinere. 

292.  Give  examples  of  Multiplicative  and  Proportional 
numerals,  and  explain  their  meaning. 

293.  How  is  the  place  where  a  thing  is  or  occurs  usually  ex- 
pressed ?  State  the  cases  in  which  a  preposition  is  not 
generally  used.     Examples. 

294.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  de  amrcitia  alio  libro  dictum  est ;  (2)  dictator  claudr  taber- 
nas  tota  urbe  jubet ;  (3)  tribum  militum  porta  CoUma  urbem 
intrSvSre ;  (4)  terrae  motus  in  Gallia  comioluribusque  insulrs 
totaque  in  Italia  factr  sunt.     Why  is  in  used  in  the  last  case  ? 

295.  When  is  the  Ablative  used  to  express  definitions  of 
Time  ?    Examples.     In  what  cases  must  the  prep,  in  be  used? 

296.  What  is  the  quantity  of  final  as,  es,  as,  is,  us  ?  mention 
any  exceptions  to  the  rule. 

297.  What  is  meant  by  the  Ablative  of  Specification  (Limi- 
tation ^^'*)?  Examples.  What  other  case  sometimes  takes  its 
place  ?    H.  429.  B.  889.  G.  194.  A.  250.  Al.  54. 

298.  How  is  the  means  or  instrument  of  an  action  expressed? 
Examples.     When  must  the  preposition  ^er  be  used? 

299.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences : 
(1)  hr  jaculrs,  illr  certant  defendere  saxis ;  (2)  oculrs  captr 
f  odere  cubrlia  talpae ;  (3)  sol  bmas  in  singulis  annls  reversionSs 
facit ;  (4)  medicr  gravior^s  morbos  asperls  remedils  curant ; 
(5)  bellum  per  lOgatos  gessit ;  (6)  contremisco  tota  mente  et 
omnibus  arfcubus. 


MISCELLAITEOUS   QUESTIOIS'S.  31 

300.  What  nnmerals  answer  to  (1)  quot?  (2)  quotus?  (3) 
quoienl?  (4)  quoties?  (5)  quoiuplex?  (G)  quoiuplus? 

301.  Wliat  adjectives  liave  superlatives  ending  in  limus^ 
rimus  ? 

302.  Compare  in  tile  given  number,  case,  and  gender  : 
nequidres,  Imorum,  plura,  posle7Hdre,  diiissimds,  pejorem, 
meliora,  senis,  junidribuSy  minima^  malar ^im, 

303.  Write  out  the  Interrogative  pronoun  quis,  in  all 
genders.     When  are  qui,  quod,  used  for  quis,  quid  ? 

304.  What  case  follows  uior,  fungor,  friior,  potior,  vescor  ? 
How  is  it  to  be  explained  ?  Give  other  verbs  which  have  the 
same  construction.     Quote  or  make  examples. 

305.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  fungar  vice  cotis  ;  (2)  rSx  impius  auro  vr  potitur  ;  (3)  fron- 
dibus  et  victti  pascuntur  simplicis  herbae  ;  (4)  tuo  quid  factum 
est  pallio  ?  (5)  cibus  eorum  lacte,  caseo,  came  constat ;  (6) 
decemviri  quinquaginta  caprls  in  foro  sacrificarunt. 

306.  Distinguish  between  et,  que,  aique,  ac;  aui,  vel,  ve, 
slve. 

307.  What  is  the  construction  of  verbs  oifdling?  What  of 
adjectives  ?  Give  examples  and  explain  them ;  and  quote  in- 
stances in  which  the  usual  practice  is  inverted.  What  is  the 
construction  oipraediivs?  ^ 

308.  How  is  the  price  of  a  thing  expressed  ?  How  is  the 
construction  to  be  explained  ?  Compare  with  it  the  genitive 
of  valuation.     Examples. 

309.  Distinguish  accurately  between  nun  nemo  and  nemo 
non^'^  f,     H.  585.  B.  998.  G.  237.  A.  277.  R.  3. 

310.  Decline  nix^  vis,  gigds,  Paris, 

311.  What  is  to  be  said  about  the  Accusative  and  Ablative 
Singular  of  si'/fs,  Tlberis,famllidris,  aedllls,  turris,  tussis,  imber^ 


82  PKOBATIO   LATI^^A. 

ignis,  puppis.     What  neuter  nouns  with  nom.  sing,  e  (stem-i-) 
have  the  Abl.  Sing,  in  e  ? 

312.  Parse  and  explain  the  words :  inquam,  quaesumus, 
apage,  ceite,  ave,  salvehis, 

313.  Explain  fully  the  double  construction  of  inutOy  per- 
muto. 

314.  What  case  is  required  by  each  of  the  following  adjec- 
tives? dignus,  fretus,  contenius,  idoneus,  praeditus ;  and  how  is 
each  construction  to  be  explained  ? 

315.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  viUa  abundat  lacte,  caseo,  melle  ;  (2)  vigintr  talentrs  unam 
orationem  IsocratSs  vendidit ;  (3)  emit  dOnario  quod  mille 
deniXrium  est ;  (4)  haec  scripsr  ad  te  llberius,  fretus  conscientia 
officir  mer ;  (4)  sorte  tuS  contentus  abr ;  (5)  fidem  suam  et 
religionem  pectinia  commtitavit. 

316.  Parse,  giving  the  Principal  Parts  of  each  verb,  vixit, 
pelliciety  eliciat,  falleris,  compriment,  edUc,  fodies,  texuerit. 

317.  Enumerate  certain  monosyllabic  nouns  w^hich  are  not 
found  in  the  genitive  plural.     Decline  mel  and  riis. 

318.  Classify  verbs  in  reference  to  the  formation  of  tlio 
Supine  (Perfect  Passive  stem). 

319.  What  are  the  pecuHarities  of  the  verb  do  and  its  com- 
pounds ? 

320.  What  is  meant  by  the  Adverbial  use  of  the  Ablative  ? 
of  what  more  general  head  is  it  a  part  ?  Quote  some  ablatives 
which  are  virtually  adverbs  84?  9  What  is  to  be  said  about 
the  use  of  cum  in  such  cases  ?  H.  444.  B.  876.  G.  197.  A. 
247,  2.  Al.  p.  70. 

321.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  injuria  fit  duobus  modrs,  vi  aut  fraude ;  (2)  pace  tuii  cum 
Thaide  colloquar  ;  (3)  MiltiadOs  summiX  aequitiTte  ri^s  ChersonOsI 
constituit ;  (4)  ratione  et  via  procCdit  5rilti5  ;  (5)  hoc  horret 
Milo  neque  injuria. 


>f 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  33 

322.  What  is  meant  by  the  Ablative  of  Characteristic 
(Quality)  ?  what  must  alwa^'-s  be  used  with  it  ?  with  what  other 
construction  is  it  to  be  compared  ?  is  there  any  dibtinction  of 
meaning  or  use  to  be  observed  ?    Quote  or  make  examples. 

323.  What  is  the  quantity  of  final  i  in  the  compounds  of 
uhif  utl  ?  where  is  is  final  long  ? 

324.  Give  the  Imperative,  Infinitive  and  Participles  of  ed. 
What  irregularities  are  there  in  its  Indicative  mood  ? 

325.  Parse,  giving  the  PrinciiDal  Parts  of  each  verb,  secuerit, 
nactus  est,  potieris,  over  is,  and  mention  the  irregTilarities  of  the 
last  two. 

326.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences : 
(1)  senex  fuit  promissa  barbS,  horrenti  capillo  ;  (2)  ratione  et 
via  philosophantur ;  (3)  id  aequo  animo  feret  clvitas  ;  (4)  pon- 
tem  Mulvium  magno  comitfitti  Allobrogum  ISgatr  ingredr  in- 
cipiunt ;  (5)  Hercuhs  simulacrum  multo  sudore  m5navit  ;  (6) 
neque  mon^re  t5  audeo  praestantr  prudentia  virum,  nee  con- 
firmare  maximr  animi  hominem. 

327.  What  is  meant  by  the  Ablative  of  the  Biandard  ^'^  ? 
For  what  other  construction  is  it  often  a  substitute,  and  with 
what  limitations  may  it  be  employed?    Examples.     H.  417,^ 
B.  895.  G.  195.  A.  256.  Al.  p.  71. 

k  328.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences : 
(1)  nihil  est  otiosa  senecttite  jucundius ;  (2)  Attains,  quo 
graviorem  ininiTcum  non  habm  ;  (3)  elephant o  beluarum  nulla 
est  prudentior ;  (4)  Albano  non  plus  animr  erat  quam  fideT  ; 
(5)  ita  sentio,  Latmam  lingnam  locupletiorem  esse  quam 
Graecam ;  (6)  pluris  est  oculatus  testis  unus  quam  aurrtr 
decern.  If  another  construction  is  admissible  in  any  of  these 
cases,  state  it. 

329.  Explain  and  illustrate  the  Euphonic  changes  which 
occur  in  the  formation  of  the  Perfect  Act.  (Perf.  Act.  stem)  of 
some  verbs.         Ji       >    ^'^J^ 


X 


84  PEOBATIO   LATINA. 

330.  Give  tlie  Imperative  and  Infinitive,  Act.  and  Pass., 
ttrougliout  of  quaiid. 

331.  Give  a  synopsis  of  qucror,  and  of  the  Active  of  tero, 

332.  Give  examples  of  Intensive  and  Desiderative  Yerbs, 
and  slio  vv  their  mode  of  formation  and  meaning. 

333.  What  is  to  be  noted  in  regard  to  the  construction  of 
amplius,  plus,  minus,  &c.  Translate  and  explain :  (1)  Quinctius 
tScum  plus  annum  vixit ;  (2)  plus  quingentos  colaphOs  infregit 
misero  mihi  ;  (3)  neque  longius  mllia  passuum  octo  aberant. 

334.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  sentences  :  (1)  pesti- 
lentia  coorta  est  minacior  quam  perniciosior ;  (2)  Celer  tuus 
disertus  magis  est  quam  sapiens  ;  (3)  proelium  atrocius  quam 
pro  numero  pugnantium  editur-^  (4)  Caesar  opmione  celerius 
veniet ;  (5)  senectus  est  natui'a  loquacior ;  (6)  perturhatio  est 
appetrtus  vehementior. 

335.  What  is  meant  by  the  Ablative  of  Measure  «^2? 
What  class  of  words  is  often  so  used  ?  Translate  and  explain : 
(1)  haec  est  aetas  decern  annls  minor  quam  consularis ;  (2)  quo 
major  est  in  animls  praestantia,  eo  majore  indigent  drligentia ; 
(3)  mrlibus  passuum  sex  a  Caesaris  castrls  consSdit ;  (4)  quin- 
quies  tan  to  amplius  VerrSs,  quam  quantum  licitum  est,  cmtati- 
bus  imperavit.     H.  418.  B.  929.  G.  196.  A.  527.  k.  16.  Al.  p.  71. 

336.  Mention  the  gender  of  i^e  following  words,  stating  the 
rules  of  which  they  are  examples  or  to  which  they  are  excep- 
tions :  poema,  onus,  acus,  acer,  hortus,  quies,  Jiastay  Hadria, 
IhUer,  lepuSf  lex,  grex,  nex, 

337.  Translate  and  define  the  use  of  the  Ablative  in  the 
following  sentences  :  (1)  levamur  superstitione,  liberamur 
mortis  metu ;  (2)  usti  urbis  prohibr^re  peregrmos  inhumanum 
est ;  (3)  vacare  culpa  magnum  est  solatium ;  (4)  metu  supplicir 
aut  mortis  multr  vim  tormentorum  pertulSrunt;  (5)  nonnullT 
officia  dsserunt  mollitia  animr ;  (6)  dubia  spe  impulsus  certum 
in  perlculum  sS  commTsit. 


-f- 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  35 

338.  Translate  and  define  the  use  of  the  Ablative  in  the 
following  sentences  :  (1)  parente  natus  est  P.  Sestius,  homine 
et  sapiente  et  sancto  et  severo ;  (2)  concordia  parvae  res 
crescunt,  discordia  maximae  drlabuntur  ;  (3)  Caesar  ea  legione, 
quam  s?^cam  habcbat,  militibusque,  quT  ex  provincia  convener- 
ant,  muriim  fossamque  perducit ;  (4)  misenim  est  carere  con- 
STiettidine  amlcorum;  (5)  Capua  fortissimonim  virorum 
miiltitudine  redundat;  (6)  Atreus  Tantalo  prognatus  fuit, 
Pelope  natus. 

389.  Convert  the  follo-wing  sentences  into  the  Passive  con- 
struction :  (1)  DitXna  frUiis  NiobGs  occldit ;  (2)  Germam  viribus 
imperir  RumanT  restiterunt;  (3)  peregxina  mulier  Hion  in 
pulverem  vertit ;  (4)  ts,  Orpheu,  inter  poetas  numeramus  ; 
(5)  imus  in  aiitiquam  silvam ;  (6)  fortunae  male  creditis. 

340.  Enumerate,  with  an  example  of  each,  the  chief  uses 
of  the  Ablative  case. 

\       341.  Decline  in  the  singular  gravis  'idem  senex,  and  in  the 
plural  ulem  juveuis petulans. 

342.  Give  instances  in  which  the  nouns  with  long  final 
syllable  in  the  nom.  sing,  increase  short  [i.e.,  in  which  a  short 
stem-vowel  is  made  long  in  the  nom.  sing). 

343.  Make  compound  verbs  from  curro,  pond,  teneo,  with  the 
prefixes  ad,  oh,  sub. 

344.  Decline  herds,  Belos  (in  the  sing.)  poesis, 

345.  State  and  show  by  examples  the  mode  of  expressing 
(1)  the  Time  how  lojig;  (2)  the  Time  when  ;  (3)  the  Time  with- 
in which;  a  fact  occurs.  What  is  implied  by  ad  or  in  (w.  ace.) 
before  a  noun  of  time? 

346.  Show  in  what  ways  the  distance  of  time  before  or  after 
an  event  may  be  expressed.  Translate  and  explain  :  (1)  testS- 
mentum  Augusti  ante  annum  et  quattuor  mens5s,  quam 
dOcesserat,  factum  est ;  (2)  Aristldes  decessit  fere  post  annum 
qu£irtum  quam  Themistocl5s  AthenTs  erat  expulsus. 

347.  Convert  the  following  sentences  into  the  Passive 


■\ 


36  PROBATIO   LATI]S"A. 

construcfcion  :  (1)  poSta  canit  liCroum  laudes  ;  (2)  milites  regem 
numos  poscCbant ;  (3)  ts,  pecunia,  deam  f acimus ;  (4)  sapientem 
saepe  stultum  vocamus  ;  (5)  caecTs  erramus  in  midrs  ;  (G) 
virtulT  invidctis,  fayetis  improbitatl. 

348.  Translate  into  Latin,  using  ahJdnc  to  exjjiess  '  ago ' : 
(1)  "  tins  happened  sixteen  years  ago  ";  (2)  *'  you  y/ere  quaester 
fourteen  years  ago";  (3)  *'tlie  comitia  were  held  thirty  days 
ago". 

349.  Describe  the  Eoman  notation  of  the  days  of  the 
month.  On  what  days  did  the  Calends,  Nones,  Ides,  fall 
respectiyely  ?    How  are  the  days  preceding  them  designated  ? 

350.  Explain  the  rules  for  conyerting  English  dates  into 
Latin,  and  Latin  into  English.  Express  in  Latin  Jan.  1,  2, 
4,  5,  8,  12,  13,  17,  30,  31. 

351.  What  cases  follow  infero,  poeniiet,  pared,  cared,  fi'uor, 
iendx,  frttus,  in,  ante,  super, 

352.  Giye  the  Principal  Parts  of  fateor,  iono,  peib,  vincioy 
cold,  ta7igd. 

353.  Parse,  giying  the  Principal  Parts  of  each  Verb,  coeperds, 
nosset,  nequeunt,  sanxit,  liaustu,  apertus  erit,  orsus,  ortus,  mensus, 

354.  Enumerate  the  simple  yerbs  conjugated  like  capio  ;  and 
state  wherein  their  }peculiarity  consists. 

355.  Giye  the  general  rule  for  the  exi3ression  of  the  place 
where  a  thing  is.  What  words  form  exceptions  to  it? 
Illustrate. 

356.  State  together  the  rules  specially  applicable  to  names 
of  towns  in  reference  to  (1)  motion  to  them,  (2)  rest  at  them,  (3) 
motion  from  them.  In  which  case  is  a  preposition  often  used? 
Illustrate. 

357.  Enumerate  the  Impersonals  oi  feeling.  State,  with 
examples,  their  construction,  in  regard  to  the  person  conscious 
of  the  feeling,  and  the  thing  which  occasions  it. 


MISCELLAKEOUS   QUESTIONS.  37 

358.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences : 

(1)  voluntatis  me  meae  nunquam  poenitebit,  consilir  poenitet ; 

(2)  natus  est  Augustus  IX.  Kal.  Oct.  (3)  Capuam  vei^rre  jussl 
sumus  ad  Nonas  Eebruarias ;  (4)  nonne  te  pudet,  Verres, 
mulieris  arbitratu  gessisse  praeturam  ?  (5)  jamdiu  piget  me 
taedetque  hujus  mrlitiae ;  (6)  Llvius  ea  exposuit  quae  a 
Romanrs  domr  bellrque  gesta  sunt. 

359.  What  cases  accompany  tlie  following  words?  fretus, 
similis,  praedituSy  eged,  post,  pro,  j!)rae,  cared,  invideo,  pracsto^ 
pared,  deficio,  desum, 

360.  Convert  into  the  Passive  construction  :  (1)  mrlites  in 
campO  fortiter  pugnant ;  (2)  Lucius  mO  litteras  docuit ;  (3) 
ludum  ludebatis  perlculosum  ;  (4)  sTc  ibimus  ad  astra ;  (5) 
omnes  interdum  medicmae  indigent ;  (6)  bonus  judex  nocenti- 
bus  non  parcit. 

361.  State  the  co2i£;truction  of  tlie  Impersonal  licet,  (1)  in 
regard  to  the  person,  (2)  in  regard  to  the  thing,  (3)  in  regard  to 
a  predicate  adj.  (complement).     Quote  or  make  examples. 

362.  What  Pre]oositions  govern  more  than  one  case  ?  Give 
examples  of  the  construction  of  each.  What  is  meant  by 
*  postpositive ' ;  and  which  prepositions  are  so  ?  In  what  re- 
spect is  cum  peculiar  ? 

363.  When  are  the  personal  Pronounsused  in  the  nominative  ? 
How  is  the  want  of  a  pronoun  of  the  third  Person  supioHed  ? 
What  is  the  distinction  in  the  use  of  the  two  forms  of  the  gen. 
plur.  of  ego  and  tu  ? 

364.  What  verbs  are  called  neuter-passive  (Quasi  Passive 
^ ";  and  why  ?    What  construction  have  they  ?    Exami^les. 

365.  What  is  the  Infinitive  mood  ?  Define  and  limit  its 
use.  Contrast  it  with  other  words  of  the  same  Grammatical 
class. 

366.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences: 
(1)  discere,  inquit  PlatO,  nihil  est  aliud  nisi  reminiscT ;  (2)  quid 


88  PROBATIO   LATINA. 

turpins  est  quam  senex  vrvere  incipiens  ?  (3)  eonim,  qui 
misericordiam  non  flagitant,  magis  nos  miseret,  quam  eorum, 
qui  flagitant ;  (4)  murem  agrestem  yltae  urbanae  cii:o  pertae- 
sum  est ;  (5)  licet  vobrs  incolumibus  per  nos  ex  hibernis  dis- 
cedere  ;  (6)  adolescentium  aetatr  non  modo  non  invidetur  sed 
etiam  favetur.  i 

367.  State  with  exam]Dles  the  construction  of  oportet,  decet,        ^ 
<yff(^i  necesse  est.  j\ 

^^^^^^"V^   368.  Explain  the  meaning  of  the  following  phrases :   ad  tiP 
.  ^uim^7~ad  amussim ;   servr  ad  rGmum  ;   ille  apud  Terentium ; 
.   V|V  extra  jocum ;  ab  animo  aeger ;  res  per  s5  expetenda ;  ad  trbiam 
Jjr  I       canere. 

369.  What  is  meant  by  a  Keflexive  pronoun  ?  why  has  it,  as 
such,  no  nominative  ?  and  why  has  se  only  one  set  of  forms  for 
all  genders  and  both  numbers  ?    Illustrate. 

370.  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  active  of  ignosco  and  of  the 
passive  of  gero, 

371.  State  the  general  rule  for  the  reference  of  the  Ke- 
flexive pronoun  se.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following 
sentences  :  (1)  Caesar  hominem  sibi  carissimum  vestrr^?  oppres- 
sum  sententirs  audiet ;  (2)  jam  inde  ab  initio  Faustulo  sp5s 
fuerat  regiam  stirpem  apud  s5  educarr  ;  (3)  a  Caesare  valdS 
Irberaliter  invitor  sibi  ut  sim  legatus.   ^  Q  ^ ^  \     Ci^xMi^rC^^^ 

372.  How  is  the  time  of  the  acu6n^  ]^presentea  by  an 
Infinitive  determined  ?     How  do  you  decide  whether  you 
should  employ  the  Present  (Imperfect),  the  Perfect,  or  the       -^ 
Future  Infinitive  ?    What  is  to  be  said  about  the  construction        t* 
of  wemz?zHn  this  respect  ?^liIusTrate.^"^^~^^^  ^    jti^     C 

373.  What  is  the  construction  of  cpus  est,  usus  est  in  regard     <jf 
to  the  person  ?  how  may  the  thing  needed  be  expressed  ?    Is 
opus  est  always  impersonal  ?    Examp!tes.  f 

374.  What  is  the  Gerand^r  in  what  cases  is  it  found  ?  De- 
chne  completely  the  Infinitive  and  Gerund  of  ludo  and  gjxliulor. 
What  is  to  be  noted  about  the  accusative  case  K 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIONS.  39 

375.  Comment  on  the  tLse  of  the  Keflexive  pronoun  in  the 
following  sentences  ;  (1)  Caesar  Fabium  cum  legione  in  sua 
remittit  hrberna;  (2)  etiam  feras  inter  sS  partus  et  educatio 
conciliat ;  (3)  vGrr  amrcr  non  solum  colent  inter  s5  et  dlKgent 
sed  etiam  verebuntur ;  (4)  magnam  ingenuit  animantibus(con-  AY 
servandr  sm^atura  custOdiam. 

376.  Decline  prodium  anceps,  and  murus  duplex, 

2>11.  Wliat  are  the  Supines  ?  State  the  sense  and  construc- 
tion in  which  each  is  used. 

378.  Explain  the  formation  of  the  Future  Infinitive  Pas- 
sive.    Comment  on  :  audio  eum  monitum  trl, 

379.  What  is  meant  by  the  First  and  Second  Periphrastic 
conjugation  ?  Give  a  synopsis  of  the  former  in  the  Indicative 
mood  and  of  the  latter  in  the  Subjunctive  mood,  from  the 
verb  veho. 

380.  In  what  respects  does  the  Gerund  as  a  verbal  noun 
differ  from  other  nouns  ? 

381.  If  the  Gerund  belongs  to  a  Transitive  Verb  what 
case  should  follow  it  ?  Is  this  construction  commonly 
admitted  ?  If  not,  what  substitute  is  there  ?  and  what  changes 
does  this  involve  ? 

382.  Translate  the  following  and  show  accurately  the 
changes  of  form  and  construction  which  the  hteral  rendering  of 
your  English  would  require  :  (1)  XerxSs  ingentem  exereitum 
conscripsit  ad  dsbellandam  Graeciam ;  (2)  Brutus  studio 
incensus  est  recuperandae  Irbertatis ;  (3)  stomachus  ad  con- 
coquendos  cibos  datur;  (4)  OrestSs  patris  ulciscendr  causa 
matrem  interfGcit ;  (5)  Claudius  vir  parens  et  gerendae 
rerpublicae  idoneus  fuit ;  (6)  tr5s  virl  creilti  sunt  constituendae 
reipublicae  ;  (7)  consul  placandrs  drs  dat  operam  ;  (8)  fortitQdo 
in  laboribus  subeundrs  cernitur. 

383.  State  (1)  when  the  gerund-construction  is  necessary,' 


J< 


40  PROBATIO   LATIjN^A. 

(2)  wlien  the  gerund-construction  is  to  be  pre/erred;  (3)  wlien 
the  gerund-construction  is  to  be  avoided, 

384.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences : 
(1)  hominis  mens  discendo  alitur  et  cogitando ;  (2)  stultum  est 
venatum  ducere  invrtos  canes ;  (3)  quod  factti  foedum  est, 
idem  est  et  dictu  turpe ;  (4)  quod  optimum  factu  videbitur 
fades  ;  (5)  legatr  in  castra  Aequorum  venerunt  questum  injurias 
et  ex  foedere  res  repetrtum. 

385.  State    fully  the  construction  of    the    Impersonals 
interest  and  refei%  in  regard  to  (1)  the  person  ;  (2)  the  thing ; 

(3)  the  degree.     Quote  or  make  an  example  illustrating  these 
points. 

386.  Explain  the  following  phrases  :  hoc  a  mS  facit ;  servus 
a  manu ;  ex  usti  ;  pro  tua  humanitate ;  d5  industria ;  d5  tertia 
vigilia ;  ter  in  anno ;  peccavl  citra  scelus ;  per  summum 
dedecus. 

387.  Express  in  Latin  Eeb.  23,  24,  25,  26,  in  ordinary 
years  and  in  leap  year.* 

388.  Classify  the  Personal,  Possessive,  and  Demonstrative 

*  lu  leap-year  (when  February  had  !29  days)  the  intercalated  day  was 
inserted  after  Feb.  23,  and  up  to  and  including  the  24th  the  days  were  noted 
as  for  a  month  of  28  days.  But  from  the  25th  the  days  were  noted  as  for  a 
month  of  29  days.  This  arrangement  caused  both  the  24th  and  25th  to  be 
called  the  sixth  before  the  Calends  of  March :  and  therefore  the  month  was 
called  husextile,  and  the  intercalated  day  (the  24th)  hissextiis  dies,  or  sextm 
posterior.  Thus  w^e  have : 
^  Feb.  23=a.  d.  (28+2-23=)  vii.  Kal.  Mart. 

Feb.  24=a.  d.  (28+2—24=)  vi.  Kal.  Mart,  posteriorera  or  bissextum. 

Feb.  25=a.  d.  (29+2—25=)  vi.  Kal.  Mart,  priorem. 

Feb.  26=a.  d.  (29+2-26=)  v.  Kal  Mart. 

Feb.  27=a.  d.  (29+2-27=)  iv.  Kal.  Mart. 

Feb.  28=a.  d.  (29+2-28=)  in.  Kal.  Mart. 

Feb.  29=a.  d.  (29+2-29=)  prid.  Kal.  Mart. 

The  old  names  of  the  months  Quintilis,  Sextllls  were  abandoned  for 
Julius  and  Augustus  in  recognition  of  the  services  of  Julius  and  Augustus 
Caesar  in  reforming  and  regulating  the  calendar. 


^ 


"X 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  41 

pronouns  in  reference  to  the  tliree  loersons.  Explain  the  use  of 
the  Demonstratives  to  express  *the  former',  *the  latter'. 
What  special  use  has  iste  derived  from  judicial  proceedings  ? 

389.  Explain  the  probable  origin  of  the  Latin  Passive 
Voice.     Quote  instances  in  which  its  original  force  is  per-      ^ 
ceptible.  ^ 

390.  When  is  the  Infinitive  used  as  a  subject  ?  After  what 
classes  of  verbs  is  it  used  by  itself  as  an  object  (Prolative)  ? 
Quote  or  make  examples  of  each  construction. 

391.  What  apparent  difference  of  construction  is  there  in 
English  and  Latin  in  the  use  of  the  Infinitive  after  verbs  im- 
plying duiy  and  possibilUt/?    Exjolain  fully  with  examples. 

392.  Give  the  English  notation  corresponding  to  :  prrd. 
NOn.  Jan.;  prrd.  Id.  Oct.;  a.  d.  vn.  Kal.  Apr.;  a.  d.  iv.  Non, 
Quint;  a.  d.  vi.  Id.  Sext. 

393.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  interest  rerpublicae  doctrinam  fovSre ;  (2)  hoc  tua  magis 
quam  cCterorum  interest ;  (3)  illud  mea  magnr  interest,  ts  ut 
videam ;  (4)  magni  ad  honorem  nostrum  refert,  m5  quam 
prrmum  ad  urbem  venire. 

y  394.  Under  Avliat  circumstances  is  the  Gerundive  used  to 
express  obligation  or  neoessity  ion?  Is  this  force  inherent  in 
the  Gerundive  itself  ^01^9  how  is  the  person  on  whom  the 
obligation  rests  [or  the  agent)  expressed?  When  must  the 
construction  be  Imi^ersonal  ?  Quote  or  make  examples  to 
illustrate  these  points. 

395.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 

(1)  loquendum  est  cum  prudentia  et  cum  ]3rudentia  tacendum ; 

(2)  etiam  erga  inimicos  officia  servanda  sunt ;  (3)  nOn  vobrs 
audiendr  sunt,  qm  drcunt  Trascendum  esse  inimlcrs ;  (4) 
superanda  omnis  f ortuna  ferendo  est ;  (5)  certandum  est  manti : 
servitutr  mors  ante]3onenda  est ;  (6)  ab  Alexandre  cSdendum 
erat  temporibus  et  mrlitr  ignoscendum. 


42  PROBATIO   LATINA. 

396.  What  are  the  Participles  ?  How  many  Participles  are 
there  in  the  Latin  Verb?  Give  all  there  are  of  moneo,  ed, 
hortor,  gaudeo,  sequor, 

^  397.  What  is  meant  by  the  ablative  absolute  ?  why  are 

such  clauses  called  *  absolute',  and  to  what  is  this  term 
opposed  ?  Illustrate  what  you  say  by  comparing  the  two 
sentences  :  (1)  Caesarem  mllitSs,  quamvls  reetisantem,  ultro  in 
Africam  sectitr  sunt ;  (2)  lata  lex  est,  Catone  acerrime  repug- 
nante. 

398.  Explain  the  meaning  of  the  suffix  in  the  following 
words  :  dictwrzc),  vesperasco,  quaerzYo,  chartacews,  bovl/e,  gesta- 
gen, i^ticulum,  cistula,  ca;pdx,  iertna,  cslidus,  d^Gximonia. 

j       399.  Decline  in  the  sing,  sonus  concors,  and  in  the  plur. 
dives  praedium, 

400.  What  is  the  use  of  the  Gerundive  in  connection  with 
such  words  as  trddd,  conduco,  loco,  &c.  ?  Translate  and  explain: 
(1)  perfugam  Fabricius  reducendum  curavit  ad  Pyrrhum  ;  (2) 
aedem  Castoris  P.  Junius  habuit  tuendam ;  (3)  Procas  frliia 
regnum  annuls  vicibus  habendum  relTquit. 

401.  In  what  case  is  the  subject  of  the  Infinitive  mood  ? 
What  name  is  then  applied  to  the  whole  construction  ?  What 
is  the  Historical  Infinitive  and  in  what  case  is  its  subject? 
Translate  and  comment  on  :  (1)  constat  nos  ad  agendum  natos 
esse  ;  (2)  maxima  vr  certatur ;  interea  Catilma  in  prrma  acis 
versarr,  laborantibus  succurrere,  integros  pro  saucirs  arcessere, 
multum  ipse  pugnare,  saepe  hostem  ferrre. 

/^     402.  In  what  eases  may  a  Predicate  Adj.  (Complement)  with 
an  Infinitive  be  made  ?    Give  an  example  of  each  kind. 

403.  State  the  rules  which  define  the  quantity  of  the 
various  forms  of  the  Yerb. 

404.  Form  by  the  use  of  the  Gerundive  expressions  im- 
plying *  obKgation  to  do '  the  acts  asserted  in  the  following 
sentences  at  the  same  time  and  by  the  same  persons :  (1)  mllitCs  in 


MISCELLAIS^EOUS   QUESTIONS.  43 

fluctibus  oonstitiSmnt ;  (2)  cum  hostibus  pugnabam ;  (3)  hostGs 
propellemus  ;  (4)  de  navr  desilitis ;  (5)  eadem  alacritato  utSmur; 
(6)  nostrl  firmiter  insistebant ;  (7)  equitSs  cursuiii  tenebunt ; 
(8)  navigia  mllitibus  complentur. 

4:05.  Parse,  giving  tlie  parts  of  each  verb,  sudsit,  ferhuerat, 
cieMl,  iorta  est,  enecdbit,  fassus,  falleret,  Jldit,  fldiU 

406.  Is  a  participle  always  necessary  in  the  construction 
of  the  Ablative  Absolute  ?  Show  by  examples.  Explain  the 
sentence  :  Alexander,  audrto  Darlum  movisse  ab  Ecbatams, 
fugientem  insequr  pergit. 

407.  Convert  into  the  Passive  construction  the  following 
sentences  :  (1)  fortunae  levitas  homines  vetat  esse  superbos  ; 
(2)  Deus  nos  jubet  mortis  memorOs  vrvere  ;  (3)  parentis  Irberos 
decent  pios  esse  et  virttitis  studiosos ;  (4)  patria  nos  jubet 
fidelss  esse  ad  sC  dofendendam  ;  (5)  damna  multorum  admon- 
ent  nos  cautos  esse  ;  (6)  cum  hominibus  plans  non  perfectrs 
vrvimus. 

408.  Translate  the  following  sentences  carefully,  pointing 
out  in  each  why  the  participle  is  Conjunctive  (Eelative)  or 
Absolute :  (1)  catapultis  dispositrs  mtiros  dcfensoribus  nudavit; 
(2)  Caesar  Alexandria  potrtus  regnum  Cleopatrae  dedit;  (3) 
artes  innumerabilss  repertae  sunt  docente  nattira ;  (4)  epistolae 
oifendunt  non  loco  redditae  ;  (5)  perditls  omnibus  rebus,  tamen 
ipsa  virtus  s5  sustentSre  posse  videtur. 

409.  Mention  various  ways  in  which  the  want  of  a  Perfect 
Participle  Active  is  supplied  in  Latin. 

410.  Classify  the  Tenses  of  the.  Indicative  mood  in  such  a 
way  as  to  indicate  their  use.  What  is  meant  by  the  terms 
*  Perfect ',  *  Imperfect ',  *  Indefinite ',  applied  to  them  ? 

411.  Distinguish  between  Independent  (Primary)  Sen- 
tences, and  Dependent  (Secondary)  Sentences.  How  many 
kinds  are  there  of  the  former  class  ? 

412.  Write  in  Latin  May  14,  June  5,  July  26,  August  1, 


/X4ifc«r'W^4«.    9  -     "^i^ 


A^'J^-riM^^ 


d^ 


44  PEOBATIO  LATIN  A. 

.  Oct.  8,  Xov.  3;   and  in  English  a/d.  ni.  Kal.  Jan.,  a.  d,  iv. 

**'*/  2*  ■^^'  ^^**'  P-'^^^*  JS^^'  Q^i^^-j  ^^^  translate  :  d5  Quinto  fratre 
'  huntir  nobis  trist^s  vSnerant  ex  ante  diem  m.  Non.  Jun.  usque 
J    ad  pnd.  Kal.  Sept.  %-t?>tt-4    ^  ^^-r%^\s^%  aii^ 

Ml  ^  413.  What  suffixes  are  attached  to  the  roots  of  nouns  tj^     J// 

*  form  adjectives  meaning  (1)   'made  of,   (2)  'related  to',  t^ 

^  full  of ',  (4)  *  provided  with ';  ttie  thing  denoted  by  the  noun? 
Give  examples  of  each.  L  %4A^ 

414.  When  a  sentence  containing  an  assertion  is  used  as 
the  object  or  subject  of  a  verb,  what  is  it  called  ?  what  changes 
does  it  undergo  ?  what  Enghsh  word  usually  introduces  it 
which  has  no  equivalent  in  Latin?  How  is  its  tense  deter- 
mined ? 

415.  Adapt  the  following  sentences  to  stand  as  the  subject 
of  constat  *'  it  is  well-known.'*  (1)  agricolae  dant  agnis  aquam  ;  * 
(2)  rex  nuntium  Eomams  misit ;  (3)  terra  satis  frumentr  mrhti- 
bus  praebet ;  (4)  moenia  urbr  addimus ;  (5)  Belgae  Komanis 
supplicSs  venient ;  (6)  Galba  imperii  capax  fuit ;  (7)  multr  sp5 
vana  falluntur ;  (8  Nllus  aliquanto  altior  est  Tiber!. 

416.  Adapt  the  following  sentences  to  stand  as  the  object 
of  the  verb  placed  in  a  bracket  before  them  :  (1)  [sclmus]  haec 
vaUis  jticunda  vidGtur ;  (2)  [putat]  industria  pueros  magistrls 
commendat ;  (3)  [crSdimus]  non  n5brs  tantum  erramus ;  (4) 
[dicit]  est  utilis  urbr ;  (5)  [putant]  parvo  content!  sunt ;  (6) 
[droit]  puellae  sapientSs  Hnguls  temperabunt ;  (7)  [negavit] 
vitia  Deo  displicent ;  (8)  [audlmus]  tu  es  patriae  idoneus  ;  (9) 
[existimo]  pessimi  gloriae  virtutis  invident. 

417.  Explain  the  following  phrases :  ad  hunc  modum  :  per 
\im  ;  secundum  nattiram  vlvere ;  servus  a  pedibus  ;  a  tergo  ; 
de  Parthrs  triumphare ;  e  regione  Massiliae ;  5  r5  pubHca ;  in 
aere  meo  est. 

418.  Give  the  nominative  endings  (or  the  stem-letters)  which 
usually  indicate  the  feminine  gender. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIOIS'S.  45 

419.  "What  is  the  usage  of  tLe  pronoun  is?  How  does  it 
differ  from  that  of  the  Demonstrative  pronouns  ?  "What  other 
pronouns  are  derived  from  it  ? 

420.  Translate  and  comment  on  the  following  sentences  : 
(1)  heu  !  quod  decebat  facere,  non  quibam  miser  ;  (2)  lectita- 
visse  Platonem  studiosS  DSmosthenSs  dicitur ;  (3)  non  omnSs 
agros  videmus  esse  frugiferos ;  (4)  natura  houMnibus  calorSs  et 
frlgora  perpetienda  distribuit ;  (5)  viget  animus  in  somnis, 
jacente  et  mortuo  paene  corpore  ;  (6)  Komam  ad  Cannas  victi 
sunt,  Aemilio  et  Yarrone  consulibus ;  (7)  honoribus  et  pecunia 
contemptrs,  quid  metuendum  est  ?  (8)  litterae  praetOribus  tra- 
duntur,  signTs  integrrs. 

421.  Mention  some  Deponent  verbs,  the  perfect  participle  of 
which  is  used  in  a  passive  sense. 

422.  Into  what  two  classes  must  the  Tenses  of  the  Indicative 
mood  be  distributed  in  regard  to  their  time?  "What  is  meant 
by  *  the  Historical  present '  and  the  *  Aorist  *,  and  with  which 
of  the  classes  are  they  to  be  reckoned  ? 

423.  When  it  is  necessary  to  use  a  tense  of  the  Subjunctive 
mood,  how  do  we  decide  which  of  the  four  to  employ  ?  Give 
examples. 

424.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  corinpid,  ohlino,  ohllviscor, 
desino,  arcesso,  cupio,  sero,  'plait',  pinso. 

425.  Into  what  two  classes  may  Questions  be  divided  ? 
Hlustrate  this  by  examples.  What  name  may  be  applied  to 
each  class  ? 

426.  Distinguish  between  the  Interrogative  particles  -ne, 
num,  nbnne,  in  reference  to  their  anticipation  of  an  answer. 
Why  are  such  particles  needed  in  Latin  but  not  in  English  ? 

427.  State  the  nominative-endings  (or  the  stem-letters)  which 
usually  indicate  words  of  the  neuter  gender. 

428.  Give  the  chief  uses  of  the  Present  Imperfect  and  Past 


46  PKOBATIO   LATIISTA. 

Imperfect  Tenses  of  the  Indicative.  What  import  have  they 
when  such  words  as  jamdudum,  jampridem,  &c.,  are  used  with 
them? 

429.  "What  case  (or  cases)  will  a  noun  take  when  it  is  used 
to  state  (1)  a  criminal  charge  ;  (2)  a  price  ;  (3)  an  instrument ; 
(4)  a  possessor  ;  (5)  the  time  when  ;  (6)  a  locality ;  (7)  a  cause 
of  emotion  ;  (8)  a  condition  ;  (9)  an  agent  ?  Give  an  example 
of  each  construction  you  mention. 

430.  What  are  Disjunctive  questions  ^1029  State  the 
particles  used  in  introducing  them.  What  is  the  use  of  an  ? 
Explain  its  apparent  use  in  single  questions.  H.  346.  B.  1107. 
G.  246.  A.  198,  11.  d.  Al.  p.  98. 

431.  What  mood  is  commonly  used  in  asking  questions 
directly?  Turn  ^^lihrl  multa  pueros  docenV  into  a  question 
(1)  without  anticipation  of  what  the  answer  will  be ;  (2)  with 
anticipation  of  an  affirmative  answer  ;  (3)  with  anticipation  oi 
a  negative  answer. 

'432.  When  a  question  is  not  asked  but  merely  quoted, 
what  name  is  appHed  to  it  ?  what  mood  does  it  take  m  =^  ?  how 
is  the  tense  determined  ?  By  what  words  is  it  introduced  ? 
H.  525.  B.  1182.  G.  252.  A.  265.  Al.  p.  91. 

433.  Decline  supplex,  hos,  lam*us,  cinis.  What  other  words 
Like  the  last  ? 

434.  Porm  adjectives  from  the  following  Proper  Nouna 
expressing  *  relation  to '  them :  Verres,  Antium,  Cannae, 
Socrates,  Gracchus,  Ameria,  Lesbos,  Atlienae,  Smyrna, 

435.  Adapt  the  following  questions  to  stand  as  objects  oi 
the  verbs  placed  in  brackets  before  them:  (1)  [rogat]  num 
frlius  est  patri  similis  ?  (2)  [quaeram]  quis  m5  r5gr  commenda- 
vit?  (3)  [quaesiit]  num  negare  audss?  (4)  [rogant]  nonne  in 
pace  Numa  R5mulo  exceUuit?  (5)  [rogavit]  iturusne  es 
Athenas  ?  (6)  [quaeris]  qualia  sunt  vma  ?  (7)  [quaesiit]  quot 
5va  repperistr  ?  (8)  fquaesieras]  num  cupiditatibus  serviendum 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIONS.  47 

est  ?   (9)  [qnaerGbam]  nonne  probo  hominr  jure  confTditur  ? 
(10)  [rogaverat]  num  licuit  Yobrs  otiosis  esse  ? 

436.  Distinguish  between  the  meaning  of  the  two  tenses  of 
the  Imperative  mood.  Give  in  full  the  Imperative  of  sapio, 
*  I  am  wise  '  with  the  English  of  each  form.  Of  what  Verbs 
is  the  Future  Imperative  used  in  the  sense  of  the  Present  ? 

437.  Enumerate,  with  examples,  various  ways  of  making 
Affirmative  commands  ^'^K  H.  535.  B.  115.  G.  65.  A.  267. 
Al.  p.  80. 

438.  What  is  the  negative  particle  used  in  making  Pro- 
hibitions 1^289  In  what  cases  is  non  regularly  employed  ^  i  ^  s  9 
What  forms  of  the  Imperative  are  used  negatively  only  in  the 
poets  ^^^^  ?    H.  538.  B.  1113.  G.  64.  A.  267.  Al.  p.  80. 

439.  Enumerate,  with  examples,  various  ways  of  making 
negative  commands  ^^^^  H.  538.  B.  1114.  G.  65.  A.  267. 
Al.  p.  80. 

440.  Explain  the  chief  uses  of  idem  and  ipse. 

441.  What  is  an  Enclitic  ?  mention  some.  What  is  the 
difference  between  bis  terve  and  bis  terque  ^'  ^  ^  ? 

442.  What  rules  may  be  given  for  the  quantity  of  the  Perfect 
Active  and  the  Supine  (Perfect  Active,  and  Perfect  Passive, 

stem)? 

443.  When  the  matter  of  a  command  is  made  the  object  or 
subjecb  of  a  verb,  what  may  it  be  called  ?  and  what  rule  is 
there  then  for  its  mood  ^  ^  ^  ^  9  ^nd  for  its  tense  ^ « *^  ^  ?  H.  530. 
B._1200.  G.  442.  A.  p.  280.- A.  p.  93. 

444.  Adapt  the  following  commands,  entreaties,  &c.,  to 
stand  as  the  object  of  the  verbs  in  brackets  before  them  :  (1) 
fimperat]  arma  servrs  adime  ;  (2)  [jDetrvit]  n5  patriae  infidelss 
estote  ;  (3)  [imperavit]  cTvem  Eomanum  vincrte  ;  (4)  [petunt] 
magistrattis  contra  luxuriam  certantO  ;  (5)  [lexmonuit]  judicSs 
praemia  ne  capiunto;    (6)    [hortiitus  est]    moenia  CI  clvibug 


48  PEOBATIO    LATIT^A. 

firmantor ;  (7)  [oravit]  sub  fago  mCciim  jac5 ;  (8)  [pater  monet] 
ns  nimium  diti  dormrvens. 

445.  How  are  attainable  wishes  expressed  ?  liow  unattain- 
able ?    Examples.     What  is  tlie  mood  then  called  ? 

446.  In  what  respect  does  the  Latin  usage  differ  from  the 
English  in  the  treatment  of  clauses  dependent  upon  verbs  of 
hoping,  promising,  &c.     Examples. 

447.  What  is  meant  by  a  *  Dependent  (Secondary)  sentence '? 
How  are  such  introduced  ?  name  the  principal  classes  into 
which  they  fall. 

448.  Adapt  the  following  sentences  to  stand  as  objects  of 
the  verbs  in  brackets  before  them  :  (1)  [tradunt]  Apollo  Mobes 
frlios  interfscit ;  (2)  [quaesiit]  nonne  fTliabus  Oedipr  mala  a 
vate  Trresia  praedicta  sunt  ?  (3)  [petiit]  Palladis  statuam,  o 
Phrdia,  effinge ;  (4)  [rogavit]  tune  orationes  nobis  veterSs 
explicabis  ?  (5)  [dixit]  dr  cum  deabus  ad  nuptias  Psleos  et 
Thetidis  venient ;  [imperavit]  crastino  die  redrte  in  aciem ; 
(7)  [praedixit]  urbs  Koma  GallTs  tradetur ;  (8)  [quaerit]  quid 
Capuae  agitur  ?  (9)  [sperat]  ervitiltes  multae  a  Cyro  deficient ; 
(10)  [pollicitus  est]  senatm  ac  rerpublicae  non  deero. 

449.  What  is  the  regular  reference  of  the  pronoun  se,  suus, 
when  it  stands  in  an  objective  (nominal)  sentence  ^^^.  Trans- 
late and  comment  on  :  (1)  Camillus  mihi  scripsit  ts  sOcum 
locutum  esse  ;  (2)  Ariovistus  respondit  omnSs  Galliae  cTvitates 
contra  sO  eastra  habuisse;  (3)  Ariovistus  respondit  n^minem 
secum  sine  sua  ^^°  pernicie  contendisse.  H.  449.  B.  1024. 
G.  306.  A.  208. 

450.  What  is  the  distinction  in  the  use  of  the  interrogative 
forms,  quis,  qui;  quid,  quod;  uter?  Is  the  last  ever  used  as  a 
relative  ?    Illustrate. 

451.  What  are  Final  Sentences  ii^e^  how  are  they  intro- 
duced ?  What  mood  do  they  take  ?  Quote  or  make  examples, 
H.  489.  B.  1205.  G.  330.  A.  262.  AI.  p.  88. 


MISCELLATs^EOUS   QUESTIOiS:S.  49 

452.  Explain  tlie  foUov/ing  exi^ressions :  prae  dolore  tacet ; 
absque  liac  ima  foret,  quam  fortunatus  sum  cSteris  rebus; 
Catilrna  ex  itinere  pleiTsque  consularibus  litteras  mittit ;  pro 
eO  ac  x3otur ;  5  vestlgio ;  ex  usu. 

453.  Wliat  are  Consecutive  sentences  ii^a?  how  are  they  in- 
troduced ?  v/hat  mood  do  they  take  ?  Examx)les.  H.  494. 
B.  1218.  G.  340.  A.  262.  Al.  p.  89. 

454.  Translate  the  following  clauses  and  explain  the  use  of 
the  Infinitive ;  and  show  in  each  case  what  would  be  the  more 
usual  prose  construction  ^  ^  ^  :  (1)  dCscendo  promere  vma  ;  (2) 
non  nos  ferro  Libycos  populare  Penates  vSnimus  ;  (3)  natl 
coram  mO  cernere  iGtum  f ecistr ;  (4)  hortiltur  sequl ;  (5)  dederat 
comam  diffundere  ventrs;  (6)  quern  virum  sumis  celebrare, 
Clro  ?  (7)  solr  cantare  perltr  Arcades ;  (8)  avidus  committere 
pugnam. 

455.  What  is  the  construction  of  dignus^  indignus  (1)  when 
followed  by  a  noun,  (2)  when  followed  by  a  verb  ?    Examples. 

456.  When  is  qnominus  used  to  introduce  a  consecutive 
sentence  ?    Example. 

457.  Distinguish  between  the  use  of  indefinite  pronouns 
in  negative  Final  and  Consecutive  sentences. 

453.  What  is  the  construction  of  the  Historical  Present  in 
regard  to  the  sequence  of  tenses  ? 

459.  What  peculiar  usage  of  tenses  did  the  Komans  some- 
times employ  in  letters  ? 

460.  What  is  a  Conditional  sentence  ?  What  is  the  com- 
pound sentence  of  which  it  forms  a  part  called  ?  What 
names  are  applied  to  the  Secondary  sentence  and  what  to  the 
Primary  ?    Elustrate  by  English  examples. 

461.  Under  what  circumstances  is  a  Consecutive  sentence 
introduced  by  quln  ?  what  is  the  meaning  of  the  word  ?  How 
is  it  used  in  commands  ?    Examples. 


50  PEOBATIO   LATIINTA, 

462.  Give  constructions  in  wliicli  the  Genitive^  Dative,  and 
Ablative  are  used  in  place  of  a  true  Apposite. 

4:63.  Describe  the  three  main  forms  of  the  Hypothetical 
Period  ^^^'\  and  show  how  the  terms^  '* Logical",  *' Ideal", 
and  '*  Unreal "  appropriately  characterise  their  import.  Give 
an  example  of  each.     H.  507.  B.  1261.  G.  378.  A.  261.  Al.  p.  81. 

464.  Give  instances  in  which  a  derived  word  varies  in 
quantity  from  its  primitive. 

465.  What  are  Concessive  Sentences  ^2179  "V^hat  antece- 
dent term  often  stands  in  the  Primary  ?  By  what  conjunctions 
are  they  introduced  ?  State  in  general  the  moods  w^hich  ac- 
company them.     H.  514.  B.  1281.  G.  397.  A.  263,  2.  Al.  p.  85. 

466.  Explain  the  use  of  the  Indicative  after  7iescid  qua 
pacta,  &c. 

467.  In  what  case  is  a  Consecutive  Sentence  employed 
where  we  might  expect  an  objective  (nominal)  assertion  ^"^*? 
H.  558.  B.  1222.  G.  341.  A.  262.  e.  3.  Al.  p.  97. 

468.  Explain  fully  the  use  of  uf,  ne  after  verbs  of  fearing, 

469.  Translate  and  explain  the  use  of  the  cases  in : 
quatrrduo  quo  ^^^  haec  gesta  sunt  res  ad  Chrysogonum  in 
castra  L.  SuUae  Volaterras  dsfertur. 

470.  Distinguish  carefuUy  the  meaning  of  the  Indefinite 
pronouns,  quis,  qwdihet,  allquis,  quldamf  quisque,  quisquam, 

471.  What  are  Temporal  Sentences  ^  ^  ^  ^  ?  What  mood  do 
they  usually  take?  Distribute  the  Temporal  Conjunctions 
into  three  classes,  according  as  they  introduce  circumstances 
(1)  antecedent  to,  (2)  contemporaneous  with,  (3)  subsequent  to, 
the  action  of  the  Primary  Sentence.  H.  521.  B.  1237.  G.  349. 
A.  282,  3.  Al.  p.  86. 

472.  What  is  the  Construction  of  quum  (1)  when  exact 

*  Applied  to  them  by  Prof.  Gildersleeve. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  51 

coincidence  of  time  is  to  be  indicated,  (2)  in  Historical  naiTa- 
live  ?    Examples. 

473.  Translate :  mnltr  principOs  civitatis  Eoma  non  tam 
sm  conservandr  quam  ^  ^  ^  tuOrum  consiliorum  reprimendorum 
^"°*  causa  profugSrunt.  Explain  carefully  tlie  use  of  the 
Gerundive.  H.  563,  4.  B.  1017.  G.  219.  A.  275.  k.  1,  4.  Al. 
p.  100. 

474.  What  is  meant  by  tlie  Potential  use  of  the  Subjunc- 
tive 1  ^  ^  3  9  Distinguish  the  meaning  of  the  present  and  past 
tenses  in  these  cases.  How  is  the  mood  to  be  explained? 
Examples.     H.  485.  B.  1177.  G.  54.  A.  260.  ii.  Al.  p.  84. 

475.  How  are  repeated  actions  consequent  upon  repeated 
conditions  expressed  ?    ExamxDle. 

476.  Quote  sentences  illustrating  the  four  uses  of  quisque. 
In  what  kinds  of  sentences  is  quisquam  always  used  ?  In  v/hat 
respects  is  it  defective  ? 

477.  When  do  anie-quam,  prius-quam  take  the  subjunctive? 
Examples. 

478.  How  is  the  jDoint  from  v/hich  distance  is  reckoned  ex- 
pressed ?  how  the  measure  of  space  intervening  ?    Examples. 

479.  What  do  Causal  senteuces  express  ?  by  what  Conjunc- 
tions are  they  introduced?  w^hat  moods  do  they  ^ke  under 
ordinary  circumstances  ?    Examples. 

480.  In  what  two  ways  may  indignant  questions  be  ex- 
pressed ?  Suggest  a  possible  explanation  of  each  construc- 
tion. 

481.  What  is  meant  by  the  Deliherative  Subjunctive  ? 
Wliat  by  the  Optative  Subjunctive  ?    Examples. 

482.  How  may  the  answers  '*  Yes  ",  "  No  ",  be  expressed  ? 
Explain  the  meaning  and  use  of  immo. 

483.  Give  instances  of  compound  words  which  do  not  retain 
the  quantity  of  the  words  from  which  they  seem  to  be  formed. 


52  PROBATIO   LATIi^A. 

484  Wliat  words  introduce  Adjectival  (Relative)  sentences  ? 
What  mood  do  they  take  when  used  most  simply  ?  Translate 
and  account  for  the  Subjunctive  in  the  following  sentences : 
(1)  quotusquisque  est  qui  voluptatem  contemnat?  (2)  rex 
Lampsacum  urbem  Themistocli  donavit  unde  vlnum  sumeret  ; 
(3)  5  fortunate  adolescens  qui  tuae  virtiitis  praeconem  HomS- 
rum  in  veneris  ;  (4)  dignus  est  qui  ab  omnibus  lauds  tur  ;  (5) 
decern  praetores  el5g5re  qui  exercitul  praeessent. 

485.  Enumerate  the  classes  of  Dependent  (Secondary) 
Sentences  which  require  the  Subjunctive  mood.  In  what 
senses  is  the  Subjunctive  used  in  Primary  Sentences  ? 

486.  Under  what  circumstances  do  Secondary  Sentences, 
which  ordinarily  have  the  Indicative,  require  the  Subjunctive 
1 1 » 0  9  -^'iiat  may  they  be  then  called  ?  Translate,  and  explain 
the  Subjunctive  in :  Solon  drcebat  nSminem,  dum  vlveret, 
beatum  haberr  posse,  quod  omnes  ad  ultimum  usque  diem 
ancipitr  fortunae  obnoxii  essent.  Rewrite  the  sentence,  omit- 
ting the  words  *  Solon  dlcCibat '. 

487.  What  idiomatic  use  have  alius,  alter,  when  they  are 
used  twice  (1)  in  the  same  sentence,  (2)  in  successive  sentences  r 
Examples. 

488.  Explain  the  formation  of  the  Future  Infin.  Passive. 
From  what  verbs  can  it  not  be  made  ?  What  substitute  may 
then  be  employed  for  it  ? 

489.  What  is  the  meaning  and  construction  of  nediim? 
Explain  the  terms  metre,  foot,  dipody,  ictus,  arsis,  thesis. 

490.  Express  in  various  ways  in  Latin  **They  send 
ambassadors  to  ask  for  aid. " 

491.  Under  what  circumstances  does  a  sentence  express* 
ing  a  cause  take  the  subjunctive  ? 

492.  Explain  the  terms   Caesura,   Gaesural  Pause,  Elisimi, 
Synaeresis,  Synizesis. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  03 

493.  State  the  ease  or  cases  by  which  the  pricey  the  source, 
time  wJien,  and  place  where  (including  names  of  to"svns)  are  ex- 
pressed, and  give  rules. 

494.  Translate  the  following  sentences  and  explain  the 
subjunctive  :  (1)  quid  est,  Catilma,  quod  te  jam  in  hac  urbe 
dslectare  jDossit  ?  (2)  nunc  ego  mea  video  quid  intersit ;  (3) 
supplicatio  decrGta  est  hrs  verbis ;  quod  urbem  incendils  llber- 
assem  ;  (4)  C.  Sulpicium  mlsl  qui  ex  aedibus  CetliGgl,  si  quid 
tslorum  esset,  efferret. 

495.  Decline  in  the  Singular,  with  the  proper  gender  of  the 
adjective  annexed,  nox  [Hiius],  fides  [Piinicus),  mare  {iiierque), 
orion  {nimbus us),  marking  all  the  long  vowels. 

496.  Decline  in  the  Plural,  with  the  proper  gender  of  the 
adjective  annexed,  marldng  all  the  long  vowels,  ensis  [piignax), 
partus  {iutus),  finis  (extremus),  mos  {vetus). 

497.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  reperio,  ordior,  cupid,  cir- 
cumdo,  aufero,  tango,  arcesso,  marking  all  the  long  vov/els. 

498.  Inflect,  marking  aU  the  long  vowels,  the  singular  of  the 
Future  Act.  of  maiieo  and  venio,  and  the  plur.  of  the  Pres. 
Imperf.  Subj.  Pass,  oifacio  and^e^o. 

499.  Give  all  the  Infinitives  and  Participles  oipurgo,  per  go, 
morior;  and  inflect  the  Imperat.  Act.  of  died. 

500.  "What  case  or  cases  follow  oh,  occiirro,  moned,  gaudeo, 
Irascor,  sub,  pudei,  pro,  pi^aeditus  ? 

501.  What  verbs  govern  tvro  Accusatives  ?  Give  an  example 
of  each  you  mention. 

502.  In  what  ways  may  the  agent  be  expressed  ?  Point  out 
any  difference  of  meaning  between  them. 

503.  State  in  what  ways  the  construction  of  names  of  to^vns 
differs  from  that  of  most  other  names  of  places. 

504.  What  is  meant  by  ordtio  obllqua?  State  the  rules 
apx)licable  to  assertions  commands  and  secondary  sentences. 


54  ^  PEOBATIO  LATi:D;rA. 

505.  Wliat  is  meant  by  *rlietorical  questions'?  State  an 
important  difference  of  their  construction,  from  that  of  other 
questions,  in  ordtid  obliqua. 

506.  What  pronouns  find  no  place  in  ordtid  ohllqua  ?  How 
are  they  usually  represented  ?  Under  what  circumstances  can 
the  pronouns  nos,  nosier  be  employed  ? 

507.  Mark  the  quantity  of  the  following  forms  of  verbi 
giving  a  rule  where  one  is  appHcable  : — amabas,  amarer,  am 
averimus,  amabitis  :  dabit,  das,  darem,  datum ;  movi,  veni, 
fidisti,  cecini,  motum,  litum,  petitum,  monitum,  itum,  auditum 

508.  By  what  case  or  cases  may  you  reprep.ent  '  an  agent ', 

*  a  cause ',  '  an  instrument ',  '  a  criminal  charge ',  *  a  cause  of 
emotion ',  *  the  place '  of  an  action,  '  the  time '  of  an  action, 

*  the  price '  of  a  thing,  *  the  material '  of  a  thing,  '  the  quality 
of  a  person,  *  the  possessor '  of  a  thing  ? 

509.  Explain  accurately  the  distinction  between  scio  quae 
quaerds,  and  scio  quae  quaeris  ^^ ' ^,  and  the  reason  of  it. 

510.  Is  there  any  distinction  between  the  use  of  quominus 
and  quln  as  subordinative  conjunctions  ?  What  kind  of  sen- 
tences do  they  introduce  ?    Examples. 

511.  State  the  cases  in  wiiich  that  form  of  the  Hypothetical 
Period  which  contains  a  supposition  contrary  to  the  fact 
(unreal  suppositions)  has  an  Indicative  mood  in  the  conclu- 
sion '^^\ 

512.  What  is  the  distinction  between  the  use  of  nisi  and  si 
nbn  in  negative  conditional  sentences  ^  ^  ^ « ?    Examples. 

513.  What  is  the  construction  of  qmtm  when  it  is  used  to 
exjDress  (1)  exact  coincidence  of  time  1231^  (2)  an  antecedent 
event  '233^  (3^  r^  contemporaneous  event,  (4)  a  concession  ^^25^ 
(5)  a  cause  ^  ^  *  ^  ?    Examples. 

514.  What  is  the  exact  meaning  and  the  construction  of 
qitanqiiam,  quamins,  licet,  in  concessive  sentences  ?    Examples. 


MISCELLANEOrS   QUESTIOITS.  05 

515.  Explain  tlie  term  as  ^  ^  S  and  give  its  subdivisions. 
Explain  :  hei^es  ex  asse,  heres  ex  semissSf  asses  usurae. 

516.  Explain  the  terms  Zeugma,  Hendiadys,  Synecdoclie, 
Systole,  Synizesis. 

517.  Adapt  the  following  examples  of  the  Hypothetical 
Period  to  stand  as  objects  of  the  verbs  in  brackets  before 
them  ^'^^^i  (1)  [clamitabat]  sT  Caesar  adesset,  ad  castra  hostes 
non  vemrent ;  (2)  [clamat]  si  quis  impediet,  eum  pro  hoste 
habsbo ;  (3)  [dixit]  impudens  sim  si  plus  postulem ;  (4)  [non 
dubitabat  qum]  perrsset  Aegyptus  famO  nisi  fruges  servatao 
essent ;  (5)  [negavit]  veniam  sr  consul  jusserit ;  (6)  [senex 
dixit]  sr  quis  deus  hoc  mihi  largiatur  valdS  recusem  ;  (7) 
[confirmo]  sr  v5rum  respondSre  velies,  haec  erant  drcenda  ; 
(8)  [cr5do]  plurOs  cecidissent,  nisi  nox  proelium  diremisset. 

518.  Give  the  gender  of  the  following  words,  stating  the 
rule  of  which  they  are  examples  or  to  which  they  are  excep- 
tions :  carbOf  granddy  sanguis,  lex,  nubes,  ehur,  regio,  passer, 
vertex,  sors,  animal,  fulgur,  inciis,  mensa,  flus,  grex,  gens^ 

519.  How  may  a  cause  be  stated  Avith  the  suggestion  that 
it  is  not  the  real  one  -1^2439  What  is  the  difference  between 
non  quod  and  non  qum  in  such  cases  ? 

520.  In  what  senses  does  dum  take  the  Subjunctive? 
Examples.  What  is  observable  about  the  tense  used  with  it 
in  temporal  sentences  ? 

521.  What  is  the  construction  of  dubito  :  (1)  in  the  sense 
of  *  doubt',  (2)  in  the  sense  of  'hesitate'?    Examj)les. 

522.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  cado,  caedo,  cedd,  tono, 
reperio,  aperio,  curro,  pasco,  paciscor;  and  the  Infinitives  and 
Participles  of  abed  and  ulciscor.     Parse  oblltus  and  oblitus, 

523.  Mark  the  quantity  of  the  final  syllables  of  the  following 
words  :  juxta,  templa,  iia,  Aenea  ;  urbe,  pridie,  mone,  bene,  late; 
servl,  mihi,  quasi,  ubi;  servo,  duo,  rego,  solo. 


56  PKOBATIO   LATIN  A. 

524.  Wliat  case  or  cases  follow  super ^  tenus,  recordor,  fruor, 
similis,  pared,  confldo,  pudet,  do,  doceo,  moneo? 

525.  What  nouns  of  the  Second  Decl.  are  feminine  besides 
those  which  are  so  by  their  meaning  ? 

526.  What  distinction  of  meaning  is  there  between  uiile 
est  Gdium  adesse,  and  utile  est  quod  Gdius  adest  ^^^-^2 

527.  What  construction  is  used  to  express  the  subject  of 
the  impersonals  restat,  accidit,  aecedit,  aequitm  est  ? 

528.  Mention  the  gender  of  the  following  words,  giving  the 
rules  of  which  they  are  examples  or  to  which  they  are  excep- 
tions :  frons,  pugil,  vomer,  tiximes,  pax,  aequor,  fel,  calix,  call-is, 
sclpio,  amnis,  nex,  ddma,  dies,  carbasus,  lepus,  irihus,  car  do, 
lapis,  orbis,  manus,  hortus, 

529.  Adapt  the  sentence,  Homerus  mulfts  saecuUs  ante 
Herodotum  vixit,  to  stand  as  the  subject  of  the  present  imper- 
fect and  the  present  perfect  of  videor,  trddor  ^"y\ 

530.  Enumerate,  with  an  example  of  each,  various  sen- 
tences in  which  the  relative  pronoun  requires  the  Subjunctive 
mood  ^2  4  9^ 

531.  What  dijBference  is  there  in  the  construction  of  quod 
or  quia  and  non  quod  or  non  quia  -^=^4  -a  9    Explain. 

532.  Say  when  the  Subjunctive  should  be  employed  aftei 
dum,  quum,  ut.  Would  ne  or  ut  non  follow  restat  and  moneo 
respectively  ?    Why  ? 

533.  Wliat  is  a  dactyl,  an  anapaest,  a  spondee,  a  trochee, 
an  iambus  ?    Ex]olain  the  terms  Arsis  and  Thesis. 

534.  What  is  meant  by  Elision  ?  what  letters  experience  it 't 
mention  the  exceptions.  Under  what  circumstances  is  it 
sometimes  neglected  ? 

535.  Write  a  scheme  of  the  Dactylic  Hexameter  and 
Pentameter,  and  quote  lines  to  illustrate  each. 


MISCELLAKEOUS    QUESTIOJ^TS.  57 

536.  What  are  general  relatives  ?  "What  mood  do  they  com- 
monly take -^248^ 

537.  Define  the  terms  *  Heteroclite  ',  *  Heterogeneous ', 
*  Heterological ',  as  applied  to  nouns,  with  examples  of  each. 

588.  Explain  the  terms  *  Asyndeton';  *Synapheia';  *  Ana- 
crusis'; 'Synizesis';  *Hemimer';  *Dipodia';  *  Diastole'. 

539.  Enumerate  the  different  ways  in  which  the  Perfect 
Active  is  formed.     How  far  can  you  account  for  any  of  them  ? 

540.  Explain  the  terms  *  Attraction ',  *  Cognate  Accusative ', 
'Ethical  Dative ',  *  Ellipsis',  *  Synesis '. 

541.  Explain  the  periphrasis  by  which  the  Future  Infin. 
Passive  is  formed.  In  what  other  way  is  the  same  sense  often 
expressed,  and  when  must  it  be  so  ? 

542.  How  far  is  the  Latin  language  deficient  in  participles, 
and  how  does  it  supply  their  absence  ? 

543.  Explain  the  expressions  :  ceniesimae  usurae  ;  lieres  ex 
dodranie;  semisses  iisurae ;  sestertium  vicies. 

544.  State  with  sufficient  examples  the  leading  rules  which 
determine  the  moods  and  tenses  used  in  ordtid  oUlqua. 

545.  Distinguish  the  Indefinite  i)ronouns,  ullus,  aliquis, 
quisque,  quisqitam,  qmlihet,  quispiam.  Illustrate  the  various 
uses  of  quisque, 

546.  Express  the  following  sums  in  U.  S.  Currency,  taking 
the  sestertius  as  $0*04.  (1)  HS.  quadringenties  trlcies  quin- 
quies  ;  (2)  centies  quinquagies  sestertium;  (3)  HS.  ciocio. 
Explain  the  symbol  HS. 

547.  Give  the  Principal  Parts  of  desilio,  refercio,  effodio, 
coalesco,  texo,  convello,  stringo,  nuho,  mordeo,  veto. 

548.  Give  the  genitive  case  and  gender  of  sal,  pelagus,  crater, 
der,  rddlXy  sanguis,  collis,  seges,  sus,  incola. 


58  PEOBATIO   LATII^A. 

549.  Turn  the  following  iDassage  into  the  ordtio  ohliqua  :— 
non  d5  possessione  Siciliae  ac  Sardiniae  de  quibus  quondam 
ngebatur  sed  pro  Italia  vobrs  est  pugnandum  :  nee  est  alius  ab 
tergo  exercitus  qm  nisi  nos  vincimus  host!  obsistat.  Hrc  est 
obstandum,  mrlit5s,velut  sr  ante  Bomana  moenia  pugnSmus. 

550.  Parse  adsuerint,  adlrl,  contempldtor,  genihus,  surrecta; 
and  give  (1)  3rd  plur.  pres.  imp.  Ind.  of  circumeo  ;  (2)  fut.  Inf. 
Pass,  of  laedo;  (3)  1st  plur.  pres.  perf.  Ind.  of  audeb;  (4)  2nd 
plur.  pres.  imp.  Subj.  of  Tiortor. 

551.  What  cases  are  governed  by  vescor,  interest,  pared,  decet, 
ienus,  orb,  studeb,  potior,  prae,  opus  est. 

In  the  following  passages,  a  translation  is  to  be  given, 
and  the  words  noted  are  to  be  commented  on ;  thus— 

(1)  italic  letters  imply  that  the  construction  of  the  word 
is  to  be  given ;  i.e.,  its  case,  mood,  tense,  person,  &c.,  with 
a  sufficient  reason. 

(2)  a  *  implies  that  the  Principal  Farts  of  a  Yerb  are 
to  be  given,  or  the  Degrees  of  an  Adjective  or  Adverb. 

(3)  a  f  implies  that  a  noun,  &c.,  is  to  be  declined,  or  a 
tense  inflected,  through  all  cases  or  persons. 

(4)  a  J  implies  that  a  particular  form  is  to  be  com- 
mented on. 

When  a  Yerb  is  placed  in  brackets  before  a  sentence, 
it  is  implied  that  the  sentence  is  to  be  adapted  to  stand 
as  the  object  or  subject  of  that  Yerb.  The  word  'Active' 
or  '  Passive '  in  parenthesis  after  a  sentence,  implies  that 
the  sentence  is  to  be  expressed  also  in  the  Active  oi 
Passive  construction. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIOIS-S.  59 

552.  (1)  [dixit]  puer  et  puella,  qui  una  natr^  sunt,  mortuT* 
sunt  una.  (2).  panis  et  aqua  sunt  homini  necessdria.  (3) 
[hortatus  est]  erode  *  vitam  esse  Dei  f  ipsius  donum.  (4)  om- 
nmo  dsbsmus  miam  sapienter  vwere"^,  (5)  auxilium  ab  ipso 
Pansd  rogatus  sum.  (6)  is  this  constr.  necessary  for  rogo  ? 
■what  verbs  have  it  always  ? 

553.  (1)  [dixistr]  tu  et  Pansa  una  profectr  "^  estis  AtJiends. 
(2)  [rogavit]  nonne  precihus  nostrrs  fortuna  respondit"^?  (3) 
honl  fidem  long5  anteponunt  dlvitns^  (4)  leonl  plurimum 
rdboris  est  in  pectore.  (5)  [rogat]  num  Pansa  flsbilis  sendiul 
necne  cecidit  ?  (6)  is  there  any  distinction  between  the  use  of 
annon  and  that  of  necne? 

554.  (1)  vita  datur*  omnibus  nsul,  nulVl  mancipio.  (2) 
Aeneae  frho  nomen  erat  Ascanio,  (3)  in  causS  facilr  culvis  licet 
esse  diserto.  (4)  amicus  ne  jocof  quidem  laedendus"^  est.  (5) 
[constat]  magnos  homines  mrtuie  non  pecunia  metrmur"^. 

555.  (1]  victoria  multo  sanguine  f  plorumque  constat.  (2) 
[narratur  -^o^tj  AristidSs  omnibus  vrfcae  officils  functus*  est 
dlhgenter*.  (3)  hominum  vltae  multis  rebus  opus  est.  (4) 
[tradunt]  Spartae  ad  Dianae  aram  puerr  aliquando  virgls 
caeduntur*.     (5)  bosf  securl  J  ictus  huml  jacet. 

556.  (1)  [rogavit]  domme  Sctpio  an  heWi  clSrior  fuit  ?  (2) 
Aeschin5s  AtMnls  discessit  et  Rhodum  se  coniulit*.  (3) 
Maecenas  regibus  Etruscis  oriundus  fuit.  (4)  pSvo  luscinid 
multo  formosior  est.     (5)  lusciniam  pdvone  argutiorem  ducimus. 

557.  (1)  Augusta  mortud'^,  Tiberius  imperdtor  factus*  est, 
(2)  Pausaniaf  duce  Graecr  Persas  vTcSrunt*  (Passive)  (3)  Ddrll 
regna  facta  sunt  Alexandrt.  (4)  ante  meridiem  ad  Vestae  per- 
vsnerSmus*  (Passive).  (5)  cermintux*  interdum  nubss  t^iet 
coldris. 


60  PEOBATIO    LATINA. 

558.  (1)  [oravit]  ne  agros  aesiimdtote  tanft  quantT  virtutem. 
(2)  vestrd  amhorum  interest  sine  discordia  vwere  '^.  (3)  vestrum 
qullihet  est  Lucid  sapientior.  (4)  jprocellae  quantb  minus* 
temporis  tantb  plus  *  v~irium\  habent.  (5)  camelr  labbris  sitis-  f 
que  patientissimr  sunt.  (6)  How  else  may  tlie  reciprocal  pro- 
portion of  (4)  be  expressed  ^  ^xs  9 

559.  (1)  non  omnium  rerum  quds  didicimus  *  reminiscimur. 

(2)  Pausanias  imperator  Graecorum  p7^ddUidnis  accusatus  est. 

(3)  me  stultiiiae  non  modo  piget  sed  pudet.  (4)  vae  metis,  nisi 
victor  parcet*  (Passive).  (5)  rempublicam  bene*  guherndre 
difficile  est. 

560.  (1)  [traditum  est]  equd  velii^  Belleroplion f  invSnit*, 
Thessalr  ah  equd  pugndre,  (2)  vir  i)rudens  nihil  temere  loqui 
solet*.  (3)  non  ad  discendum"^  solum  sed  etiam  ad  docendum 
propensr  sumus.  (4)  num  aqua  marma  hihendo  idonea  est  ? 
non  est,     (5)  mens  alitur  *  discendo  ac  cogitando. 

561.  (1)  multr  sine  dubio  amlcos  salutdtum  veniunt.  (2) 
prudentia  est  ars  vllae  bene  dlrigendae.  (3)  juvem  f  adipiscen- 
dum  *  est,  senlf  utendum  *.  (4)  medicma  contra  morbos  adhi- 
benda  est.     (5)  Gallr  se  Dlie  ortds  *  esse  pra^dicant. 

562.  (1)  Suum  cuiquef  pulcberrimum  est.  (2)  et  omnibus 
credere  *  nocet  et  crodere  nSminr  f .  (3)  nSmo  scit  utrum  eras 
victurus  *  sit,  (4)  nihil  refert  quamdiu  sed  quam  bene  vixer- 
imus.  (5)  Drc  t  niihi  utrum  Aetna  an  Vesuvius  sit  altior.  (6) 
What  other  verbs  share  the  peculiarity  of  die? 

563.  (1)  [negavit]  nuntium  mlsr  qui  frlium  revocdret.  (2) 
montem  ascendimus  unde  mare  prospiceremus"^,  (3)  pudebit 
nos  vltae  quae  nihil  profuerit.  (4)  quis  f  est  qm  Socratem  non 
admtretur  ?  (5)  putamus  eum  male  *  vixisse  *  qur  itiuiilis 
vixeriL 

564.  (1)  nolimX  Pansa  veniat.  (2)  nollemX  Pansa  venisset. 
(3)  ita  vlvendum  est,  ut  sine  metu  moridmur  *.  (4)  tam  bene 
lociltus  est,  ut  nihil  melius*  fieri*  potuerit.  (5)  [dixit] 
cavendum  *  est  ne  cut  nocedmns. 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIONS.  61 

565.  (1)  vereor  ut  nobrs  sit  satis  pecuniae.  (2)  homines 
inhiben  non  possunt  quominus  aKquando  pecceni.  (3)  qurs  est 
quln  2i\iqnsirLdiO  peccet?  (4)  nihil  dubitabam  quln  f rater  mens 
mox  rediiurus  esset     (5)  quae  qnnm  ita  sini,  virtutem  sequdmur. 

566.  (1)  [dixit]  ego  eum  lando,  qnamvls  m5  culxjcweint.  (2) 
[quaesiit]  nonne  tti  m5  vitnperastrj,  quasi  hominum  essem 
deterrimns*?  (3)  expectabat  Pansa,  donee  hostBs  pj^oflciscei^en- 
iur*,  (4)  si  ilbi  satis/aciam,  mihi  ipsl  saiisfecero.  (5)  si  tlbi 
satisfacerem,  mihi  ipsr  saiisfacerem. 

567.  (1)  [narratur]  Cato  qnum  Uticam  concessissel,  se  ipse 
interfecit.  (2)  ciird  nt  rededs'^  ante  ortum  solis.  (3)  parcere* 
subjecfis  et  debellure  superbos  Romdnl  moris  erat.  (4)  tieminem 
vitae  bene  actae  poenitebit.  (5)  optima^  quaeque  sunt  raris- 
sima. 

568.  (1)  Hannibal  Capuam  vSnit,  quod  Campaniae  caput  est. 
(2)  magna  hominum  multittido  conveniunty  armdtl  omnSs.  (3) 
vir  sapiens  ad  moriendum  ^  semper  paratus  erit.  (4)  convma 
ad  multam  noctem  saepe  celebrantur.  (5)  pueUa  ad  citharam 
canendl  *  perrta  fuit. 

569.  (1)  Latmos  sermonSs  ad  verbum  reddere  nequlmus.  (2) 
cenficiendum  est  opus  ante  lUdendum.  (3)  do  drs  f  et  hSroibusf 
multae  sunt  apud  Homerum  fabulae.  (4)  [praecSpit]  inter 
ludendum  caveto"^  nO  quid  petulantius  a  te  flat^  (5)  post 
hominum  memoriam  nulla  urbs,  praeter  Eomam,  terrarum 
imperio  potita  ^  est. 

570.  (1)  [traditum  est]  Antonius  coram  populo  Eomano 
lacrimas  profCidit*.  (2)  Aniiocho  Asia  omnia  Tauro  tenus  a 
Eomams  Orepta^  est  (Active).  (3)  castraf  hostium  a  milHbus 
passuum  tribus  posita*  sunt.  (4)  x^essimS^  merOmur  d5  its 
quibus  blandimur.     (5)  muiier,  Ms  audlfis,  prae  luctu  tacuit. 

571.  (1)  [rogavit]  animalia  in  terrS  et  in  aquS  nascentia  *  quis 
enumeret?  (3)  cUrd  ut  parentibus  in  dies  e5rior/Ias.  (3)  ante 
pugnandum,  reputa  quocum  pugnaturus  sis.  (4)  citra  laborem 
nihil  magnl  fieri  potest.  (5)  [praecopit]  ob  oculos  semper 
habetO  mortem  et  immortalitatem. 


62  PEOBATIO   LATIN  A. 

572.  (1)  Secundum  naturam  est  Ugl  drvmae  congruenter 
vlvei^e  *.  (2)  [narrant]  pro  patria  acerrimO  *  a  militibus  pugnd- 
turn  est,  (3)  [traditum  est]  Perillus  in  taurum  aSneum  conjectus 
est,  in  quo  alios  comb ur ere  ^  cogitarat  f.  (4)  [dixit]  sub  ves- 
perum  redrbo  *.  (5)  voco  to  ad  cenam  in  Jiortos  meos  in  diem 
crastinum.  ^     . 

573.  (1)  aliud  est  actio  bona,  aliud  oratio.  (2)  yrtae  philoso- 
phia  dux  est,  magistra  virtatum.  (3)  [docuit]  cid  prodestf 
scelus,  isfecisse  putatur.  (4)  amicus  noster  puer  didicit  *  quod 
discendum  fuit.  (5)  Cato  tribus  et  octuginta  annis  ipsis  ante 
m5  consulem  mortuus*  est. 

574.  (1)  animus  et  corpus  morbis  ohnoxia  sunt.  (2)  [mmim  est] 
aliqul  ea  alios  docSre  volunt,  quae  ipsr  non  didicere  '  i^".  (3) 
me  miserum  !  quid  enim  spel  reliquum  est  ?  (4)  Dolabella 
magisirdius pecuniam  x^o^ooscit  *.  (5)  pone  ^  ante  oculos,  Antdnl, 
populr  laetitiam. 

575.  (1)  Pampliilus  Apellem  docuit  artem plngendl'^'  (Passive). 

(2)  triste  exemplum  sed  in  posterum  saltibre  f  juventiitl  eris. 

(3)  non  possumus  f  servire  culquam  f  nee  imperare  volumus  f . 

(4)  Faustulus  infantes  conjugt  suae  dedit  niliriendos  (Passive). 

(5)  legdio  Komano  res  repelenft^  superbs  responsum^'   est  a 
Latinis  (Active). 

576.  (1)  [petiit]  ignosce  patris  dolorl.  (2)  [rogSvit]  num 
putiis  vliam  rusticam  opp7^ohrid  ac  crlmini  esse  ?  (3)  spectdmdo 
esse  vulgo  f  neminl  ibi  dedecorl  est.  (4)  utrum  censor  nobis 
opus  est  an  liaruspex  ?  (5)  non  illo  quisquam  melior  ^  nee 
amantior  aequl  vir  fuit. 

577.  (1)  ciljusne  hie  liber  est  ?  inusne?  non,  sed/rdtris,  (2) 
re/eria  Gallia  negotididrum  est,  plena  crvium  EomSnorum.  (3) 
[dixit]  erramus  igndrl  hominujnqae  locorumque.  (4)  optimus* 
qnisque  agendl*  quam  loquendr^  studiOsior  est.  (5)  consilil 
BUT  me  oertiorem  fecit  '^ 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS.  63 

578.  (1)  sT  quid  venale  habeuj  id,  quantl  aestimo,  tantldem 
nendb.  (2)  ])arvl  sunt /oris  arma,  nisi  est  consilium  dorm.  (3) 
venit  milii  in  mentem  loci  iUrus.  (4)  hie  reus  capitis  absolvitur  '^, 
pecunid  multatur.  (5)  quis  Carilidginiensium  Ilannihale  pluris 
fuit? 

579.  (1)  [petiit]  obliviscere  "^  paulisper  caedis  et  incendidrum. 

(2)  miser(3re  animl  non  digna  ferentis  *.  (3)  qur  nimium  cihl 
sumit  ^*  male  consulit  *  vaUtudinl,  (4)  [tradunt]  DiogenSs  eo 
abstinentiae  processit  *  ut  dolium  Jiabitdret.  (5)  AthSnienses 
alter  alter um  rogare  solebant^':  quid  novi? 

580.  (1)  [queruntur]  i^lZi^^ friimentl  imj)eratum  est  its  quam 
exaraverant  ^^^".  (2)  quo  progress  as  "^  es  insdniae?  (3)  nus- 
quam  gentium  tantl  fuit  triticum  quanft  Syrdcusis,  (4)  Clodil 
aedes  centum  millihus  HS.  venalcs  erant.  (5)  hae  statuae  magna 
venter  unf^, 

581.  (1)  quum  irUicl  abundo  est,  vlll  venit.  (2)  num  bedius 
esse  poterit  una  praeditus  virtdie,  carens  ceteris  ?  (3)  rSx  avidior 
fuit  quam  patientior.  (4)  liaec  magnijicentius'^^  jactata  sunt 
quam  verius,  (5)  laetamur  amlcorum  laetitid  aeque  ac  nostra. 
(6)  iUud  proprium  est  universorum  quo  quisque  fruitur  et 
utitur. 

582.  (1)  consilium  aperit*  ntilius^  quam  grdiius.  (2) 
[tradunt]  Augustus  Nolae  obiit*,  septuaginta  ayinos  natus"^". 

(3)  a  Chalcide  Aulis  trium  millium  spatio  distat.  (4)  Koma 
annls  ante  Christum  natum  septingentrs  quinquilginta  quattuor 
condita*  est.  (5)  Doddnae  et  DelpJils  celeberrima  *  Graecorum 
oracula  fu5re. 

583.  (1)  Alexander,  Bahylone  mortuus*,  Alexandrlae  sepul- 
tus"^  est.  (2)  [narrant]  Alexandrr  cadaver  Babylbne  Alexan- 
drlam  translatum^*  est.  (3)  2yrl,  in  celebrrf  quondam  et 
copiosa  urbe,  mercatura  floruit.  (4)  PhoemcSs  Gddibus  in 
Hispdnid  olim  habitabant.  (5)  rilre  rediensf  bovemf  vldl* 
Tiuml  jacentem. 


64  PEOBATIO   LATINA. 

584.  (1)  quid  deceat  vds,  non  quantum  vdbls  Uceat,  spectare 
debetis.     (2)  vidr*  eum  miserum  et  me  ejus  miseritum*  est. 

(3)  pudet  me  mtae  quotldianae  taedetque  jamdiH,  (4)  quod 
meet  magnl  interest,  te  fortasse  non  delectat.  (5)  scls  hoc  tud 
magis  quam  ceterorum  inter  esse. 

585.  (1)  [constat]  Horatiusf  post  Vergilium  mortuus^  est. 

(2)  magnl  omnium  interest,  ut  pauperihus  suhvenidtur.  (3) 
corporis  totlusf  rsfert  ut  quodque  membrum  sanum  sit.  (4) 
omTsr  ea  quae  7iostrd  neutrlus  f  interesse  vrdr.  (5)  qui  nucleum 
esse  %  vult  f ,  frangere  *  nucem  solet. 

586.  (1)  stultum  est  vendtum^  ducere  invrtos  canSs.  (2) 
[rogavit]  cur  te  perditum  Ts  *  luxuria  et  ignaviii  ?  (3)  Platonis 
amplitudo  non  dsterruit  a  scribendo  Aristotelem  (Passive). 

(4)  Agesilaus  in  Asiam  helldtum  a  LacedaemoniTs  missus  est 
(Active).  (5)  Pythagorae  discipuUs  quinque  annos  iacendum 
erat. 

587.  (1)  [dixSrunt]  tertius  exercitus  ad  tuendos  f  rn5s  colligi- 
tur*.      (2)  remitte  mihi  epistolam  quam  tibi  dedr  legendam, 

(3)  Plato  uno  et  octogGsimo  anno  scrlbens  *  mortuus  *  est.  (4) 
Persae  raortuos  cerd  circumlitds^  condunt*  (Passive).  (5) 
banc  rem  compertam  *,  explordlam,  cognitam  -^  habeo. 

588.  [narratur]  rSx  Medorum  rtherds  Harpago  epulandds 
apposuit  (Passive).  (2)  quern  tibi  hominem  invltrs  dils  auxilib 
futurum  putas  ?  (3)  Hannibalem  sul  civSs  e  cmtate  GjScOrunt*^ 
(Passive).  (4)  ThemistoclSs  navarcbo  multa  poUicitus  est,  sr 
se  conservdsset  J.  (5)  mS  ipsum  f  plUris  aestimo  ex  quo  tu  m5 
amare  coepisll. 

589.  (1)  mors  Caesarem  multa  ageniem  et  molientem  *  occu- 
pavit.  (2)  orat  m5  Caesar  ut  ad  se  veniam  *.  (3)  suus  cuiqice 
mos  est.  (4)  uirlusquef  nostimm  pltirimum  interest  ut  te 
conveniam.  (5)  gaudeo  *  id  te  mihi  suSd^re  *,  quod  ego  mea 
sponie  %  f  eceram. 


MISCELLAKEOUS   QUESTIONS.  65 

590.  (1)  miserrimus *  esfc  cwl,  quod  edat"^',  nihil  est.  (2) 
virtus  et  doctrma  praeclarae  sunt :  Tianc  omnSs  cupiunt  *,  illam 
saepe  contemnunt  ^'.  (3)  tuum  est  in  bonis  nihil  nisi  yirtutem 
ponere  *.  (4)  Lucius  non  is  fuit,  qui  se  temere  sineret^  injuria 
afficr.     (5)  quam  quisque  norit  %  artem,  in  liac  se  exerceat. 

591.  (1)  [edrco]  arma  capessite*:  bellum  drra  cum  gente 
gerendum  est.     (2)  quo  major*  gloria,  eo  propior'^'  invidiae  est. 

(3)  lit  quisque  est  vir  optimus  *,  ita  difiicillime  "^  alios  improbos 
esse  suspicatur.  (4)  quanta  superiores  *  sumus,  tanto  nos  sub- 
missius  *  gerdmus.     (5)  idem^  faciemus  quod  ceterr. 

592.  (1)  sunt  qui  nolint  a  qudquam  se  superarL  (2)  non 
continuo  scrrbam*  nisi  novl  quid  acciderU.  (3)  Britanniam 
olim  non  facile*  quisquam  adlbat*  nic>i  mercatores.  (4)  nee  irs 
ipsrs  quicquam  praeter  orani  maritimam  notum*  erat.  (5) 
aliae  sunt  l^giiti  pm^tes  atque  imperatoris. 

593.  (1)  alius  alio  casu  periit  %,  (2)  alils  animus,  alils  occSsio 
defuit*.  (i\)  singu Ids  iinlusdlj usque  f  domOsf  dcslere  *  conati  * 
sunt.  (4)  t^^'annus  neque  amat  quenquam  neque  ipse  a  qilo- 
quam  amatur.     (5)  puerorimi  alter f rend,  alter  calcdrl"^  eget. 

594.  (1)  frat\-es  alter  alterum  occiderunt  (Passive).  (2)  uter- 
cunque  vincet^,  alter  el  suceensSbit.  (3)  quid  s^5^  ^.9^t  miser! 
volunt*?  (4)  niim  facta  hominum  Beum  fugiunt  ?  ne  cogitata 
quidem.  (5)  qaaeritur  ex  duobusf  uter  sit  dignior,  ex  pluribusf 
quis  dignissimus. 

595.  (1)  Philomela,  PandTonis  frliaf,  soror  fuit  Procnesf. 
•(2)  Diana  Wiob^n^  ^\im\ii,fllidbus\  ejus  occlsls^;  Apollo  frliosf 
interfCcit.  (3)  Sexdgena  millia  drachmumX  ^'^^  d^numj^*^^ 
talentumj  summam  efficiunt.  (4)  O  Anchisef,  tu  pater 
Aeneaef  fuistr.  (5)  Thehls  tu  fuisfci,  o  Trresiaf,  vatumf 
celeberrime  *. 

596.  (1)  dir  f  cum  deabus  f  ad  nuptias  Psler  f  et  Thetidos  f 
vSnSrunt.  (2j  tu,  Mercurrf  bov5st  Apollinis  abstulisse* 
narraris.      (3)  Troja  Tenedonf  insulam  in  conspectu  habuit. 

(4)  peregrma  mulier  Ilion  f  in  pulverem  f  vertit  *.  (5)  vulgus  f 
ipso  pelago  f  levius  piito,  quod  tot  vices  f  habet. 


66  PllOBATIO    LATINA. 

597.  (1)  senumf  juYenumf  que  funera  miscentur*.  (2) 
[narratur]  Germania  vrribusf  populr  Eomrim  restitit*.  (3) 
aetas  parentum,  pSjor^  avis,  tulit  nos  nequiores*.  (4)  in 
itinere  f  magna  vis  nivium  f  congesta  *  est.  (5)  in  conclavi- 
bus  f  illarum  aedium  f  multum  est  bonae  supelleciilis  ^". 

598.  (1)  mihi  doml  f  in  Tiorfts  satis  est  laurorum  f.  (2)  aliqni- 
bus  serpentibus  vrrus  f  est :  aliqnae  mro  carent.  (3)  mare  ultra 
Paronf  aut  Athonf  navigavimus.  (4)  febrr  J,  sitr,  tussrf,  labora- 
mus.     (5)  Aprrlr  %  mense  iter  f  imbrl  t  corrumpitur  ^. 

599.  (1)  largior  aetlierf  campos  Elysios  vestit.  (2)  cldvli 
nobis  opus  est  qua  turrim  J  aperidmus  *.  (3)  vrs  f  jurisjurandr  f 
non  valuit  ad  remiaublicam  f  servandain.  (4)  AchiUi  y  nomen 
Pelldaef  fuit  a  patre  Peleof.  (5)  tu  m5  in  Pallliaf  vocastrj, 
ego  t6  in  Saturnalia  f  revoco. 

600.  (1)  nolrtof  praecepsf  esse  in  r5  ancipitrf.  (2)  in 
j)o5matrs  t  et  in  pictims  imperitr  laudant  ea  quae  laitdanda  non 
sunt.  (3)  Sappho  f,  poetria  nobilissima,  Leshl  yixit.  (4) 
pransus  ambulavT,  caendtus  obdormivr  ■^.  (5)  ego  jUrdto  tibi 
fTsus  *  sum:  tti  pejerare  ausus  *  es.  (6)  What  other  verbs  are 
conjugated  like  the  last  ? 

601.  (1)  accusavi  h.omixxeTQ.furil :  ille  expalluit*  (2)  aerugo 
vasaf  ex5st  J  ut  herbas  robrgo.  (3)  omn^s  fame  mortm*  sunt, 
quum  non  esset  quod  essentX-  (4)  quidquid  bene  eoeperisj 
bene  conficere  memento  J.  (5)  urbl  moenibus  hand  opus  est, 
inquit  f  Lycurgus,  quae  non  lateribus  f  sed  virls  cingitur. 

602.  (1)  Sihitef  domum,  puerT  :  ipse  praerbOJ.  (2)  ineuntisj 
aetatis  imprudentia  seniorum*^  prudentiS  corrigenda  *  est.  (3) 
Aeneas  t  in  puppif  stat  jam  certus  eundl.  (4)  Milo  caedis 
condemnatus  Massiliam  exsuldium  concessit.  (5)  mihi  non 
modo  irasci  ^  sed  ne  dolere  quidem  impune  licet. 

603.  (1)  [scimus]  Eomam  bella  quaedamforiius  qnam-felleius  * 
gessere*.  (2)  [memento]  sOrius*  aut  citius*  mors  sua  quern- 
que  manet*.  (3)  Jugurtha  continuo  quantds  maximds  potest^ 
cdpids  arm  at.  (4)  sis  sanO  disertus  :  nunquam  eloquentem  t5 
dixerim.     (5)  hoc  tu  unquam,  FannT  ^,  faceres  ? 


MISCELLANEOUS   <iUT^:STIOKS.  67 

COi.  (l)  ii5  quis  tanquaiu  parva  fastldlai  gmmmaticC'sf 
elementa.  (2)  d€  Meii-edCmo  veUein  \triim  fmssci.  (3)  [clilmi- 
tubat]  quid  fiuciam,  judicOs,  qu<5  me  vertam  ?  (4)  [vidomusj 
lapidum  coniiictu  ignis  elicitiir^.  (5)  soli"!  hoe  contingit 
sapitni'i^  lit  mhjlfaGiat  invltus, 

605.  (1)  sperat  adolescens  diu*  se  vMurum^,  (2)  vereor  ne 
cul  vestrwn  mdem"  audacior,  (3)  omn^s  labores  te  exelpere 
video  :  timeo  lU  sustineds.  (4)  mhilne  nos  tot  precibus  *  pro- 
jicere!  tu  ut  unquam  te  corrigdsJ  (5)  mater /ore  j)ollicita  est 
ut  ipsa  mox  redlrei. 

606.  (1)  ubi  tot  sunt  sententiae,  necesse  est  multae  errent 
(2)  Dionysio  ne  integmm  quidem  fuit,  ut  ad  justitiam  reveriere- 
tur'^,  (3)  t>aleai  opoiHd,  possessor,  sr  suls  rebus  bene^''  utl* 
cogitat  (4)  pergratum  milii  est  qttod  til  mel  reminisceris,  (5| 
Hannibal  juravit  J^ore  vJt  cum  Komams  ad  internecionem 
pugnoreL 

607.  (1)  O  pner,  ut  sis  vFtalis  metuo.  (2)  ul  ego  tibi  con- 
fldam  ^7  tu  vi  rem  impedrtam  expedids  !  (3)  tantum  querendo  * 
non  efficiss  id  tibi  satl^flcU^,  (4)  [dCerevit  senatus]  c/^wl 
operam  consules  ne  quid  detrtmenfi  r5spufoli<2at  ca^yiat  (5| 
[rogo  t-e  €t  liortor]  qunm  prtmum  ad  mG  venl  ^\ 

608.  (1)  qui  ut  mentifitur  indue!  potest,  el  facile  persuadsbi- 
tur  ut  pSjeret.  (2)  hoc  animO  semper  fui  ut  invidiam  virtute 
partam*  gloriam  putdre^n'^,  (3)  Oato  sic  abiitj  6  vita  ut  can- 
sam  moriendl  ^  nactum  *  sS  esse  gaudvret  *.  (4)  urbs  munlUor 
erat  quam  ut  primo  impetu  capt  posset,  (5)  quotusquisque  est 
qui  voluptatem  contemnat^'^ 

609.  (1)  digna  est  res  qitam  diu  *  multumque  considered.  (2) 
ne  e^o  quidem  indigiius  sum,  eiil  copiam  scientiae  tiiOiefctcids. 

(3)  niliil  tarn  difficile  est  quln  quaerendG*  investlgarr  ^t?ssir, 

(4)  aetas  non  impedit  qudmimis  agrl  colendl  studium  leiiedmut^ 

(5)  dies  ferO  nuUus  est  qiim  Satrius  ixd.  m5  (ixmial. 


68  PEOBATIO   LATIN  A. 

610.  (1)  ager  aratur  quo  meliDres  fetus  edere  possU.  (2) 
B5ino  unquam  tarn  potens  fuit  lit  nuUius  auxllid  egeret,  (3) 
tantum  ahest  ui  aegroiem  ^  ^  ^  *  ut  nunquam/weri'm  ^  ^  ^  *  valentior. 

(4)  quae  quum  ita  sint,  causa  nulla  est  cur  diutius  manedmu.% 

(5)  quis  est  quln  videat  quanta  vis  f  sit  in  sensibus  ? 

611.  (1)  fuit  quoddam^  tempus  quum  liomines  bestiarum 
modo  vagdhantur  ^^^*.  (2)  Pyrrhus,  quum  Argos  oppugndret, 
lapide  ictus*  interiit*.  (3)  Messdnam  ut  quisque  nostrum 
rewerazJ  ^^^^,  liaec  vTsere  solehaf^,  (4)  Caesar  pervenit  prius- 
quam  PompGiusf  sentrre*  posset  ^^^\  (5)  Expectate  dum 
consul  aut  dictator /la^  '^'  Kaeso. 

612.  (1)  quum  GygSs  palam  annulr  ad  palmam  converierat  ^  ^  ^  ^j, 
^nidld\  videbdiur.  (2)  quum  Antiochus  Aegypto  discessissei\ 
12  33  iggatr  Eomam  Cuprum  naviganintj.  (3)  fuit  tempus 
quum  homines  agros  colerent  ^^'^*  neque  urbts  habereni,  (4) 
Milo  paulisper  commordtus  est,  dum  uxor  s(3  comparat  ^  ^  -^ ",  (5) 
non  requiescebant  *"'  consults  donee  omne  Ijatium  suhegissent  *. 

613.  (1)  memoria  minuitur  nisi  eam  €xe7-ceds  ^^^^.  (2) 
r^spubHca  poterat  ^^^^  esse  perpetua,  si  j)atrirs  vlverei^ir  in- 
stiiuils,  (3)  sT  vSrum  respondSre*  velles,  haeo  erani  ^^^*  dT- 
cenda.  (4)  homo  quod  crebro  videt  non  mlrdfur,  etiamsT  cur 
flat  nescit.  (5)  eloqu&iiiiae  studendum  est,  etsr  ed  quidam  f 
perverse  abiliimtur, 

614.  (1)  non  magnus  pumilio  est,  licet  in  monte  consiiierit, 
(2)  mihi  ausculta  :  vide  ne  tibi  desis,  (3)  plures  cecidisseni  * 
nisi  nox  proelium  diremissei^'\  (4)  etsi  gloria  nihil  in  s5 
Jiabeat  ^  ^  ^  ^  quod  optandum  sit  ^^'''^  tamen  virtutem  tanquam 
umbra  sequiiiir.    (5)  sTc  vrve  *  cum  hominibus  quasi  Deus  videat. 

615.  (1)  nesdo  quis  teneros  oculus  miMfascinat  agnos.  (2) 
jam  fames  quam  pestilentia  tristior  erat  ^^'^^,  m,  dlmissTs  circa 
omnes  populos  legatrs  ad  frumentum  mercandum,  armonae 
subvenium  foret,  (3)  in  tanta  paupertate  decessit,  ut  qul^^ 
^erretur  vix  reliquerit.  (4)  plebes  indignatione  exarsit  *,  quod 
auspicSrl  negdretiir  posse*  (5)  idemf  ter  socids  purtl  circiua- 
tulit  undd,  ' 


MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIOjS'S.  69 

616.  (1)  ZSnonem  cum  AtliSnrs  esse?n  audisbam  frequenter. 
(2)  r5s,  cum  haec  scrlhebam,  erai  in  summum  adducta  dis- 
crlmen.  (3)  multaque  dura  suo  tristr  cum  corde  putdhant,  nT 
signum  caelo  CytherSa  dedlsset  ab  alto.  (4)  audrstis  ntiper 
dlcei^e  legates  Tyiidaritanos,  Mercurium,  qm  sacrrs  anniversar- 
irs  apud  eos  coleretur,  Yerris  imperio  esse  sublatum*.  (5)  bene 
majores  accubitionem  epularem  amrcorum,  quia  vltae  conjunc- 
tionem  Jiaherety  conviyium  nominavSrunt. 

(4)  Comment  esiDecially  upon  eos:  "what  sliould  we  expect 
instead  of  it,  and  why  ? 

617.  (1)  pugiles  in  jactandls  caestibus  ingemiscunt,  non  qnod 
doleani  animove  succumhant,  sed  quia  profundenda  voce  omne 
corpus  inienditur,  venUqne  phTga  vehementior.  (2)  quaeris 
quid  hrc  agam?  ita  vlvam  ut  maximos  sumptus /ac^o.  (3) 
[dixit]  sr  colloquendr  cnm  Pompeio  potestas/ada  €7%  acquis 
eonditionibus  ab  armls  discedetur.  (4)  ut  sit  magna,  tamen 
certe  lenta  ira  deorum  est.  (5)  aut  ocuHs  capil  fodere*  cnbllia 
talpae. 

618.  (1)  Eomanl,  quia  consults  ad  id  locorum  prosper^  rem 
gererent  ^^^^ minus  hrs  cladibus  commovCbantur.  (2)  Fabio 
dicta  di5s  est,  quod  Isgatus  contra  Oallos  pugndssel.  (3) 
Socrates  exsecrarl  enm  solebat,  qm  primus  utilitatem  a  jure 
sejunxisset.  (4)  aedem  deo  Joyr  vovit*,  sr  eo  die  hosiidsfudisset^ 
(5)  sapiens  non  dubitat,  si  ita  melius  sit,  migrdre  ds  vita. 

619.  (1)  Darius  ejus  pontis,  dum  ipse  adesset,  custodes  relr- 
quit.     (3)  AfriciXnum  Panaetius  laudilbat,  qaodfueiHi  abstinens. 

(4)  ranae  ad  Jovem  mrs5re  alium  rSgem  rogantes,  quoniam 
inutilis  essei  is,  qui  dfxtus  fue7^at,  (5)  Caesar  Helv5tios  in  fines 
suos  unde  profecti  erant  revertr  jussit. 

620.  (1)  frtimentum  omne  comburunt  *,  ut  domitm  reditiSnia 
spe  suhldtd  paratiorCs  ad  omnia  perlcula  subeunda  essent,  (2) 
congruenter  ndtHrae  vrvendum  est.  (3)  justitia  est  obtempera- 
ti5  legihus  et  institutls.     (4)  quid  liU  hano  curiitio  est  rem? 

(5)  quid  tibi  hue  receptio  ad  te  est  meum  virmn? 


70  PROBATIO   LATIKA. 

621.  (1)  [Solon  drcebat'l  nSrno,  dum  vTvit,  beatus  liabSrI 
potest,  quod  omnSs  ad  ultimum  usque  diem  ancipitrf  fortunae 
obnoxir  sunt.  (2)  [Tullia  dixit]  si  mihi  eum,  quo  digna  sum, 
dir  dedissent  virum,  domr  ego  regnum  yrdissem,  quod  a]3ud 
patrem  video.  (3)  [Platom  placet]  divmius  est,  quod  ipsum 
ex  s5  sua  sponte  movetur,  quam  quod  xduIsli  movetur  aliSno. 
(4)  [ECgulus  dixit]  quamditi  jurejurando  liostium  teneor,  non 
sum  senator.  (5)  [AristotelCs  ait]  apud  Hypanim  flumen 
bestiolae  quaedam  nascuntur,  quae  unum  diem  vivunt. 

622.  (1)  [Ariovistus  respondit]  si  quid  milii  a  Caesare  ox)us 
esset,  ad  eum  vSnissem ;  sT  quid  ille  mS  vult,  ilium  ad  m5 
venire  oportet.  (2)  [SuS^  edixerunt]  omnSs,  quT  arma  ferre 
possunt,  in  unum  locum  conveniant.  (3)  [rSx  imperavit]  quae 
bello  opus  sunt,  parantor.  (4)  [Crassus  conflsus  est]  sr  con- 
juratio  valuerit,  facile  apud  illos  princeps  ego  ero.  (5)  Antio- 
cbus  obsides  Bomanis  vrgintr  dato,  nS  minorSs  octoniimX 
denum  annorum  neu  majorSs  qidnum  quadrdge7ium.  (6)  Z5no 
perpessus*  est  omnia  potius  quam  conscios  delendae*  tyran- 
nidis  indicdret.  (7)  quis  non  inteUigit  CanacliT  signa  rigidiora 
esse  quam  ut  imileniur  veritatem  ? 

623.  (1)  rex  praemium  proposuit,  sT  quis  liostem  occldlsset. 
(2)  sen5s  omnia  quae  curant  meminerunt;  qui  sibi,  cur  ipsl 
deheant.  (3)  conc5do  tibi  ut  ea  pi^aetereds,  quae,  qaum 
iaces  ^^"^S  nihil  esse  concodis.  (4)  non  tam  facile  opes  CarthS- 
ginis  concidissent,  nisi  illud  receptaculum  classibus  nostrrs 
paieret  ^^^^,  (5)  Caesar  drcere  solebat*  non  tam  sua  quam 
reipublicae  interesse  ut  salvus  esset. 

624.  ubi,  vlneTs  actrs  aggere  exstructo,  turrim  J  procul  con- 
stitm  vidSrunt*  prTmum  inrldere'^  ex  muro  at  que  increpitdre 
vocibus,  quod  tanta  mticliinatio  ah  tarda  spaiio  insiitueretur  : 
quibusnam  manibus  aut  quibus  vTribusf  praesertim  liominOs 
tantidae  statilrae — na.m  plsrumque  hominibus  Gallls  prae  magni- 
tudine  corportim  euorum  brevitas  nostra  contemptul  est — tantl 
onerisf  turrim  in  muro  s5s5  conloctire  conflderent'*'?  Caes. 
B.  G.  ii.  30. 


MISCELLAIS^EOUS   QUESTIONS.  71 

625.  DrvitiacTis  Haeduus  respondit*:  ^oc  esse  miseriorem  * 
et  grsLYioTem.  fortHnam  SSquanorum  quam  reliquorum,  quod 
soli  ne  in  occulto  quidem  querl"^  neque  auxilmm  implorare 
auderentr^  absentisque  Ajiovisfcr  crudelUdtem,  velut  sr  coram 
adessel,  liorrSrent,  propterea  quod  reliqms  tamen  fugae  facultas 
daretur,  Sequanls  v5ro,  qui  intra  fTnGs  suos  Ariovistum  recepis- 
sent,  quorum  oppida  omnia  in  potestate  ejus  essenC,  omnSs 
cruciatus  essent  perferendr.  Caes.  B.  G.  i.  32.  Turn  this 
passage  into  ordtid  recta, 

628.  Ambiorix  copias  suas  judicidne  non  conduxerii,  quod 
praelio  dlmicandum  non  existimdritXf  an  tempore  excliisus* 
et  repentmo  equitum  adventu  prohibitus,  cum  reliquum 
exercitum  subsequl  crederet^,d.ubiwoa.  est ;  sed  certo  drmlssis  per 
agros  nuntirs  sibi  quemque  consulere*  jussit.  Caes.  B.  G. 
vi.  31. 

627.  Horum  liaec  est  condicio,  ut  omnibus  in  vrta  commodls 
una  cum  lis  fruantur  ^  quorum  s5  amTcitiae  dediderint  "^j  si  quid 
hXs  per  vim  f  accidat,  aut  eundem  casum  una  f erant  aut  sibi 
mortem  consciscant  ^;  neque  adhtic  hominum  memoria  reper- 
tu8  ^  est  quisquam,  qui  eo  interf ecto  cujus  se  amTcitiae  devovis- 
sef^y  morr  recusdrei,     Caes.  B.  G.  iii.  22. 

628.  Tantum  apud  liominSs  barbaros  valuit  esse  aliquos 
repertos*  principes  infer endl  belli  tantamque  omnibus  volunta- 
tumcommutationem  attulit*,  ut  praeter  Haeduoset  E5m5s,  qu5s 
praecipuo  semper  bonore  Caesar  babuit,  alter os  pro  vetere  ac 
perpetua  erga  populum  BOmanum  fide,  alieros  pro  recentibus 
Gallic!  belli  oj6S.cirs,  nuUa  ferO  cTvitas/werzY  non  suspecta  nobrs. 
Idque  adeo  Tiaud  scio  mlrayidumne  sit  cum  compluribus  alirs  d5 
causrs,  tu77i  maxime,  quod  ei  J  qm  virtu te  bellr  omnibus  genti- 
bus  praeferebaDtur,  tantum  se  ejus  oplnidnis  deperdidisse  ut  a 
popul5  Bomano  imperia  perferrentj,  gravissimS  dolebant, 
Caes.  B.  G.  v.  54. 


72  PROBATIO    LATINA. 

In  the  following  metrical  passages  give  and  explain 
the  name  of  the  metre,  mark  the  divisions  of  the  feet, 
and  state  the  rules  of  Prosody  applicable  to  spaced 
words. 

629.  Instant  ardentes  Tyrii;  pars  due  ere  muros 
MoUrique  "^  arcem  et  manibus  subvolvere  saxa, 

.  Pars  o  p  t  a  r  e  locum  tecto  et  concludere  ^"  sulco  ; 
Jura  magistratusque  legunt*  sanctumque  senatum ; 
Hie  p  o  r  t  u  s  alii  effodiunt  ^ ;   hie  alta  theatri 
Pundamenta  locant  ahi,  immanesque  columnas 
Bupibus  exeidunt*,  scenis  decora  alta  futuris. 

ViBG.  Aen.  i.  423. 

630.  Una  dies  Pabios  adbellum  miser  at  omnes  : 

Ad  bellum  missos  perdidit  una  dies. 
Ut  tamen  Herculeae  superesseni*  semina  gentis 

Credibile  est  i]3sos  considuisse  deos f . 
Nam  puer  impubes f  et  adhue  non  utilis  armzs. 

Unus  de  P  a  b  i  a  genie  relictus  erat : 
Scilicet  ut  posses  ohm  t  u,  Maxime,  nasci  *, 
Cui  res  cunciando  restituenda/ore^. 

Ovid.  Past.  ii.  235. 
What  restrictions  are  observed  in  the  composition  of  the 
second  line  of  this  stanza  ? 

631.  — ^E  n  dextra  fidesque, 
Quem  secum  patrios  aiunt fportare  Penates f , 

Quem  subiisse  {  Tiumeris  conf ectum  a  e  t  a  t  e  parentem  ! 
Non  p  o  t  u  i  abreptum  *  divellere  *  corpus  et  undis 
Spargere  *  ?  non  socios,   n  o  n  ipsum  absumere  ferro 
Ascanium,  patriisque  epulandum  ponere ^  mensis? 
Verum  ancepsf  pugnae/^^era^  for  tuna. — Fuisset : 
Quem  mefcui  moritura*  ?  Paces  in  castra  iulissem  *, 
Implessemjque  f oros  flammis,  natumque  patremque 
Cum  g e n e r  e  exstinxem %  memei  super  ipsa  dedissem. 

YiEG.  Aen.  iv.  597. 


MISCELLANEOUS   QTJESTIOI^S.  73 

632.  Heu  !  nihil  invitis  fa  s  quemquam  f  fidere*  divis  / 
Ecce  trahebatur  passis*  Priameia  virgo    , 
Crinibus  a  t  e  mp  lo  Cassandra  adytisque  Minervae, 
Ad  caelum  tendens ^  ardentia  lumina  frnstra, 
Lmnina,  nam  teneras  arcebant  vincula  palmas. 
Non  t  u  1  i  t  hanc  speciem  f  u  r  i  a  t  a  mente  Ooroebus, 
Et  sese  medium  injecit  periturus  in  agmen  : 
Consequimur  euncti  et  densis  incurrimus  armis. 
Hie  primum  ex  alto  delubri  cnlmine  telis 
Nostromm  obruimur,  oriturjque miserrima * eaedes 
Armorum/acze  et  Graiarum  eixoie  jubarum. 

ViEG.  Aen.  ii.  402. 

683.  Nee  minus  *  inter  ea  Misenum  in  1  i  t  o  r  e  Teucri 
Elebant  *,  et  cineri  f  ingrato  s  u  p  r  e  m  a   f  erebant. 
Principio  ping-uem  taedis  etroboref  secto * 
Ingentem  struxere*  pyram,  cui  f rondibus  atris 
Intexunt  ^  latera,  et  f erales  ante  cupressos  f 
Constituunt,  decorantque  super  fulgentibus  armis. 
Pars  calidos  latices  et  ahena  undantia^amms 
Expediunt,  corpusque  lavant*  frigentis  et  unguunt  *. 
Eitf  gemitus ;  tum  membra  toro  defleta  reponunt, 
Purpureasque  super  vestes,  velamina  nota, 
Conjiciunt.     Pars  ingenti  svhierefereiro — 
Triste  ministerium — ,  et  subjectam  more  parentum 
Aversi  tenuere  facem.    Congesta*  cremantur 
Turea  dona,  dapes,  f uso  crateresf  olivo. 

Vnia.  Aen.  vi.  212. 

634.  Integer  vitae  scelerisque  pnrus 

Non  eget  Mauris  ^acwZ/s,  neque  arcuf, 
Nee  yenenatis  gravida  sagitiis, 
Eusce,  pbaretra : 
Sive  per  Syrtes  iter  f  aestuosas 
Sive/adwrtis  per  inhospitalem 
Caucasum,  vel  quae  loea  f  f abulosus 

Lambit  Hydaspes.    Hoe.  Oar.  i.  22. 


74  PEOBATIO  LATINA. 

635.  Quis  non  Latino  sangutjief  pinguior 
Campus  sepulcj'is  impia  proelia 

Testatur,   audi  turn  que  Medis 
Hesperiae  sonitum  ruinae  ? 
Qui  gurges  aut  quae  flumina  lugubris 
Ignara  belli  ?  qitod  mare  Dauniae 
Non  decolorayere  caedes? 
Quae  caret  ora  craore  nostro ? 

Hoit.  Car.  ii.  1. 

636.  Dixi  ego  Idem  in  senatti,  caedem  te  oi)timatium  ccki- 
lulisse  in  ante  diem  V.  Kalendds  Novemhres,  turn,  quum  multr 
principSs  cmtatis  Roma  non  tam  sul  conservand'i  quam  tuorum 
consiliot^in  o^eprimendorum  causa  prof tigSrunt.  Num  infitiarl 
potes  te  illo  ipso  die  meis  praesidiis,  mea  drligentia  circum- 
clusum,  commov5re  te  contra  rem  publicam  non  poiuisse,  quum 
tu,  disoessH  cOterorum,  nostra  tamen,  qui  remansi^semus'^  caede 
contentum  to  esse  dlcebds  ?    Cic.  Cat.  i.  3. 

637.  Statuistr  quo  quemque  proficiscT*  placeret:  dsl^gisti* 
quos  Homae  relinqueres,  quos  tecum  educerSs :  confirmastr  to 
ipsum  jam  esse  exiturum:  dixistr  paullulum  tihi  esse  etiam  nunc 
morae,  quod  ego  vlverem"^,  Keperti*  sunt  duof  equit^s 
Eomani  qm  te  istd  cura  Uherdrent  et  s5sS  ilia  ipsa  node  paullo 
ante  Mcem  mS  in  meo  lectulo  interfectHros  esse  poUicSrentur. 
Haec  ego  omnia,  vixdum  etiam  caetti  vestro  drmisso,  comperr*: 
exclusr  eos,  quos  tu  mane  ad  m5  saluidtum  mTseras.  Cic.  Cat. 
i.  L 

638.  Tum  ostendr  "^  tabellas  Lentulo  et  quaesrvT  "^  cognosceret 
ne  signum.  Annuit.  *  *  Est  v5r  5, ' '  inquam  f?  *  *  ^  otum  signum, 
imago  avr  tm,  clarissimivirr,  qm  amavit  unicS  patriam  et  cTves 
suos:  quae  quidem  ts  a  tan  to  scelerejetiam  wiZto  revocdre  debuit " 
Cic.  Cat.  iii.  5. 

639.  Lentulus,  quam  quam  patef actus*  indicirs  et  confess- 
ionibtis  sms  judiciS  senatus  non  modo  praetoris  jus  vSrum 
etiam  clvis  dmlserat,  tamen  magistrdiv.  sS  abdicfivit :  ut,  quae 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIOXS.  75 

religio  C.  Mario,  claiissimo  viro,  non  fuerat,  quominus  C, 
Glauciam,  de  quo  niliil  nominatim  erat  decrStnm,  praetorem 
occlderei^,  ea  nos  religione  in  prlvato  P.  Lentulo  puniendQ 
llherdremui\     QiG.  Gat.  iii  6, 

640.  Quo  etiam  majoref  sunt  istr  odlo  supplicioque  dignl, 
qui  non  solum  vestns  domicilils  atque  tectrs  sed  etiam  deorum'f 
templrs  atque  dclubrrs  f  sunt  f fines tos  ac  nefarios  ignGs  inferre  ^ 
conatr.  Qaibus  ego  sT  me  restitisse  dlcam,  nimium  mihi 
silmam^'  et  non  sim  ferend*us:  ille,  ille  Jupiter  f  restitit'^. 
Cio.  Cat,  iii.  9, 

641.  Equit(5s  liostium  essedarilque  Scriter*  proelio  cum 
equitatu  nostro  in  itinere  confiixSrunt  *,  tamen  ut  nostn  omni- 
bus partibue  superiorSs /werz/i^,  atque  eos  in  silvas  coUesqae 
compulerint*:  sed  compluribus  interfectrs,  cupidius  insecutr, 
nonnullos  ex  surs  amTserunt.  At  illr,  intermisso  spatio,  im- 
prudentibus  nostrrs  atque  occupatis  in  mtlmtione  castrorum, 
subito  se  ex  silvis  ejCcerunt,  impe tuque  in  eos  facto  qm  erant 
in  statione  pro  castiTs  collocatr,  acriter  pugnaverunt :  duabus- 
que  missis  suhsidio  cobortibus  a  Caesare,  atque  his  pnmTs 
legionum  duaru'm  *,  cum  bae,  perexiguo  intermisso  locr  spatio 
inter  s5,  constitissent '^,  novo  genere  pugnae  perterritrs  nostrrs,  " 
per  medios  audacissimS  '^  perruj)Grunt  *,  seque  inde  incolumCs 
rec5p5runt.     Caes.  B.  G.  v.  15. 

642.  Quibus  ego  confTdo  *  impeiidere  fdtum  dliquod  et  poenam 
jamdiii  improbitatr,  nequitiae,  scelerT,  libidim  dsbitam  aut 
instare  jam  plans  aut  certS  appropinquare.  Quos  si  mens  con- 
Bulatus,  quoniam  sanfire  non  potest,  sustulerit^,  non  breve 
nescio  quod  tempus  sed  multa  saecula  propagarit  rel  puUicae, 
Nulla  est  enim  natio,  quam  periimescdmus ;  nuUus  rex  qur 
helhim  populo  Eomano  facere  possit.     Cic.  Cat.  ii.  5. 

643.  OccTso  Sex.  Boscio  primus  Ameriam  nuntiat  Mallius 
Glaucia  qurdam,  liomo  tenuis,  Irbertmus,  cliens  et  familiSris 
isfnis  T.  Eoscir ;  et  nuntiat  damnum  non  fllir  sed  T.  Capitonis 
inimlcT  ;    et,  quum  loost  lioram  primam  noctis  occlsus  esset. 


76  PROBATIO    LATINA. 

/ 
prrmo  dllucido  Ameriam  vCnit.     Decern  hdrls  nocfcumrs  sex  efc 

quinquaginta  millia  passuum  cisils  pervolavit,  non  modo  ufc 

exoptatum    inimrco    nuntium    iDnniiis  afferret"^,   sed    etiani 

cruorem  inimrd  qiiam  recentissimum  teluinque  paullo  ante  5 

corpore  extractum  "^  ostenderet.     Quatrlduo  quo  liaec  gesta  sunt 

res  ad  CJirysogonum  in  casira  L.  SuUae  Volaterrds  defertur  f . 

Cic.  Eosc.  Am.  vii. 

644.  Sr  id  quod  praeclarS  a  sapientibus  dlcitur,  vultu  saepe 
laeditur  "^  pietas,  quod  suppKcium  satis  acre  reperietur  ^'  in  eum 
qui  mortem  ohtulerit  parentr  pro  quo  mori*  ipsum,  sr  rSs 
postuldret,  jura  drvina  atque  liumana  cogehant^?  Cic.  Rose. 
Am.  xiii. 

645.  Convlvia  cum  patre  non  inibat*;  quippe  qui  nS  in 
oppidum  quidem  nisi  perraro  veniret.  JDomum  suam  istum 
non  ferS  quisquam  vocabat;  nee  niTrum,  qm  neque  in  Urbe 
vlverei  *  neque  revocdtHrus  esset,     Cic.  Eosc.  Am.  xviii. 

646.  Hi  vos,  quoniam  liberS  *  loqul  non  licet,  tacits  rogant, 
ut  se  quoque,  sTcut  cSterarum  provinciarum  socios,  dignos  exisii" 
metis  quorum  salutem  talr  viro  commendetis.  Cio.  Imp.  Cn. 
Pomp.  V. 

647.  Habstis  ducem  memoremf  vestrly  oblTtum^  sul,  quae 
n5n  semper  facultas  datur ;  babetis  onmSs  ordinOs,  omn5s 
homines,  universum  iDopulum  Eomanum,  id  quod  in  crvTlr 
causa  bodiernS  die  prTmum  vidimus,  unum  atque  idemf 
sentientem  *.  Cogitate,  quantis  laborihus  fundatum  imperium, 
quanta  virtute  stabilrtam  Irbertatem,  quanta  deorum  f  benigni- 
tate  auctils^  exaggeratasque  fortunas  una  nox  paene  delerif^. 
Id  no  unquam  postbac  non  modo  conficl"^'  sed  n5  cogitarr 
quidem  possit  a  crvibus,  bodierno  dis  providendum  est.  Cic. 
Cat.  iv.  9. 

648.  Translate : — quo  proebo  bellum  Venetorum  totuisque 
orae  maritimae  conf  ectum  est.  Nam  cum  omnis  juventus,  omnSs 
etiam  grayioris  aetatis,  in  quibus  aliquid  dignitatis  fuit,  e5 
conv^nerant :  turn  nilvium  quod  ubique  fuerat  unum  in  locum 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUE.STIOXS.  77 

coCgerant :  quibns  tlmissrs  reliqui  neque  quo  s5  reciperent 
neque  quemadmodum  oppida  dsfenderent,  liabebant.  Itaqne 
s5  suaque  omnia  Caesan  dedidSrunt :  in  quos  eo  gravius 
Caesar  vindicandum  statuit,  quo  drligentiiis  in  reliquum 
tempus  a  barbans  jus  Iggatorum  conservarGtur. 

(1)  Give  the  nom.  sing.,  the  declension,  case,  v/ith  the  rule, 
of  proelio,  aeicitis,  consilii,  ndvium,  Gaesarl,  iempus.  (2)  What 
is  the  subject  of  eoegerant  and  what  does  it  govern  ?  (3)  Vindi- 
candum  is  what  part  of  speech  and  what  is  its  construction 
here  ?  (4)  Compare  d'digentius.  From  what  is  it  derived  ? 
(5)  confectum,  eoegerant,  reciperent,  dediderunt,  are  compounded 
of  what  ? 

649.  Translate  : — operae  pretium  est,  patres  conscriptr, 
Irbertmorum  hominum  studia  cognoscere  ;  qm,  virtute  sua 
fortunam  cTvitatis  consecutr,  hanc  vere  suam  patriam  esse 
judicant:  quam  quldam  hrc  nati,  et  sammo  natr  loco,  non 
patriam  suam  sed  urbem  hostium  esse  judicaverunt,  sed  qnid 
ego*  hujusce  ordinis  homines  commemorem,  quos  prrvatae 
fortunae,  quos  communis  respublica,  quOs  dsnique  liber tas  ea 
quae  dulcissima  est,  ad  salutem  patriae  dGfendendam  excita- 
vit? 

(1)  Conjugate  cog:ioscere,  conseciltl,  judicant,  ndtl,  excildvit, 
and  give  the  mood,  tense,  and  voice  of  each  ?  (2)  What  does 
knju^ce  ordinis  refer  to,  and  of  what  is  hujusce  composed  ? 
(3)  Compare  summo,  and  malus.  (4)  What  is  the  genitive  of 
respublica  ?  (5)  What  is  the  subject  of  esse  loeioTe  jiidicdveo^mii 
and  what  is  the  cometruction  called  ? 

650.  Translate  : — MithridatSs  antem  et  suam  manum  jam 
confirmarat,  et  eorum  qur  sS  ex  sjus  regnO  collsgerant,  et 
magnTs  adventitils  multorum  rSgum  et  niitionnm  copirs  juvaba- 
tur.  hoc  jam  fer5  sic  fieri  solSre  accSpimus,  nt  rSgiim  afflictae 
fortunae  multorum  opes  alliciant  ad  misericordiam,  maximsque 
eorum,  qui  aut  r5gSs  sunt,  aut  vivunt  in  regno  ;  quod  rOgfde 
lis  ndmen  magnum  et  sanctum  esse  videatnr. 

(1)  Conjugate  juvdhdtur,  fieri,  cdUciant,  vivtinf,  solere,  and 


78  PEOBATIO    LATIIS-A. 

the  list  of  verbs  conjugated  like  soUre,  (2)  From  wliat  is  con^ 
firmdrat  contracted  ?  (3)  alliciant  is  in  what  mood  and  why  ? 
[(4)  How  is  the  mood  of  videdtur  to  be  explained  ?] 

651.  Tr9;nslate: — 

quae  postquam  vates  sic  ore  effatus  amico  est, 
dona  dehinc  auro  gravia  sectoque  elephanto, 
imperat  ad  naves  ferri,  stipatque  carinis 
ingens  argentum  Dodonaeosque  lebetas, 
loricam  consertam  hamis  auroque  trilicem, 
et  conum  insignis  galeae  cristasque  comantes, 
arma  Neoptolemi.  sunt  et  sua  dona  parenti. 
addit  equos  additque  duces ; 
remigium  supplet ;  socios  simul  instruit  armis. 
(1)  Mark  off  the  first  five  lines  into  feet,  and  place  the  mark 
of  quantity  over  each  syllable.     (2)  The  regular  lines  are  of 
what  metre,  and  the  line  beginning  with  addit  is  of  what  ? 
(3)  "What  is  unusual  in  the  metre  of  the  second  line  ?     (4) 
Give  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  the  increment  of  verbs. 

652.  Translate:— 

Cerberus  haec  ingens  latratu  regna  trifauci 
personat,  adverso  recubans  immanis  in  antro  : 
cui  vates,  horrere  videns  jam  colla  colubris, 
melle  soporatam  et  medicatis  frugibus  offam 
objicit.  iile  fame  rabida  tria  guttura  pandens 
corripit  objectam,  atque  immania  terga  resolvit 
fusus  humi,  to  toque  ingens  extendi  tur  antro. 
occupat  Aeneas  aditum,  custode  sepiflto, 
evaditque  celer  ripam  irremeabilis  undae. 
(1)  What  is  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  the  increments  of 
nouns  ?     (2)  Mark  the  quantity  of  the  loenult  of  the  following 
words  :  fio,  rei,  jubaris,  teneiis,  mercediSj  nivls,  hovis,  daham, 
duds.     (3)  Give  the  rule  for  the  quantity  of  each  syllable  in 
the  first  two  lines  of  the  above  passage.     (4)  Write  the  parts 
named  of  the  following  verbs  :  eo,  3  Fl.  plpf.  Ind.  act;  facio, 
pres.   Infin.  pass. ;  soleo,   2  Sing,   perf .   Ind. ;  ssquor,  3  Sing. 
imperf.  Ind.;  restirgo,  1  PI  perf.  Subj.  act. 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIONS.  79 

653.  Translate  into  Latin  the  foUoAying  : — Tlie  Gauls  were 
conquered  by  Caesar.  He  denies  that  he  has  sinned.  Solon 
pretended  to  be  mad.  Praise  what  deserves  praise.  There  are 
some  who  laugh.  I  will  exhort  the  boy  to  learn.  Who  doubts 
that  the  world  was  made  by  design  ?  Ought  we  not  to  have 
obeyed  the  laws  of  our  country  ? 

[648-653  consist  of  a  recent  College  Examination  paper  for  Entrance.] 

654.  A  certain  learned  man  .  is  said  to  have  come  to 
Themistocles  and  to  have  promised  to  impart''  to  him  the  art 
of  memory,  w^hich  was  then  brought  out  for  the  first  time. 
When  he  asked  what  that  art  could  effect,  [it  is  said]  that  that 
teacher  [replied]  that  [one]  should  remember  everything ;  and 
that  Themistocles  replied  to  him,  that  lie  would  oUige  him  more^ 
if  [he  taught]  him  to  forget  what  he  wished,  than  if  h®  taught 
him  to  remember.     Cic.  Or.  ii.  74. 

*  iradere.     ^gratius  sihi  ilium  esse  facturum.    . 

655.  M.  Attilius  Kegulus,  after  being  taken  in  Africa  by  an 
ambush,  was  sent  to  the  senate  under  oath  *  that,  unless  certain 
noble  prisoners  were  restored  to^the  Carthaginians,  he  would 
himself  return  to  Carthage.  After  coming  to  Eome,  he  ex- 
plained his  instmctions  in  the  Senate,  but  refused  to  record  his 
vote^,  [saying]  that,  as  long  as  he  was  bound  by  the  oath  of  the 
enemy,  he  was  not  a  Senator.  Moreover  he  said  it  was  not 
expedient"  that  the  captives  should  be  restored  :  for  [he  said] 
that  they  w^ere  in  the  prime  of  life^  and  good  leaders,  while  he 
was  now  worn  out  mth  age.  When  his  influence  had  prevailed, 
the  captives  were  retained  and-he-himself  returned  to  Carthage. 
And  yet  he  well  li-new  at,  the  time''  that  he  was  going  to  a  most 
cruel  enemy  and  to  torfcures  of  refined  cruelty,^  but  he  con- 
sidered that  an  oath  must  be  kept.     Cic.  Off.  iii.  26. 

*  juraf'ds.  ^  sententiam  ne  dlceret  recusavit  "  negavit  esse  utile.  ^  adolescens. 
•  Tieque  vero  turn  ignoy^ahat  '  exquisitus. 

656.  Manius  Curius,  after  having  triumphed  over  the 
Samnites,  the  Sabines,  and  Pyrrhus,  spent  the  last  period  of 


80  PROBATIO    LATi:^rA. 

his  age  in  a  rural  life.  WJien-I-looTc-upon^  his^  villa  (for  it  is 
not  a  great  way  from  me),  I  cannot  enough  admire  either  the 
temperance  of  the  man  himself  or  the  habit  "^  of  his  times. 
When  the  Samnites  had  brought  to  Curius  as-lie-saV  at  the  fire 
a  great  weight  of  gold,  they  were  rejected  ;  for  he  said  it  did 
not  seem  to  him  a  fine  thing  to  have  gold,  but  to  rule  over 
those  who  had  it.  Could  such  a  spirit /azZ  to  produce''  a  happy 
old-age  ?    Cic.  Sen.  xvi. 

^  contemjplans.     ^rel.  pron.    «  participle.    ^  dlscijjlina.     ^  own  efficere. 

657.  Themistocles  after  his  victory  in  that  war  which  was 
(waged)  with  the  Persians,  said  in  the  assembly  that  he  had 
a  plan  advantageous''  to  the  republic,  but  that  it  icas  not 
beneficial^  that  it  should  be  known;  he  demanded  that  the  jpeople 
should  assign  '^  some  one  to  wliom  ^  he  might  communicate-it. 
They  assigned  Aristides  [Passive).  To  him  he  (said)  that  the 
fleet  of  the  Lacedaemonians  which  had  been  drawn  up  near 
Gytheum,  could  be  set  on  fire  secretly ;  and  that  if  this  wei-e 
done^  it  was  inevitable''  that  the  power  of  the  Lacedaemonians 
should  be  crushed.  When  Aristides  had  heard  this  ^  he  came 
into  the  assembly,  in-the-midst-of-great  expectation  and  said, 
that  the  plan  which  Themistocles  prox)osed  was  exceedingly- 
useful,  but  by  no  means  honourable.  And  so  the  Athenians 
judged  that  what  was  not  honourable  could  not  even  be  useful, 
and  by  the  advice  of  Ai^istides  ^  rejected  that  whole  matter  which 
they  had  not  even  heard.     Cic.  Off.  iii.  11. 

^  salutaris.  "^  opus  esse.  "dare.  ^  quo  facto.  ^  necesse.  *' rel.  pron.  «  abl. 
absol.     ^  quicam. 

658.  If  only  we  have  made  some  advanced  in  philosophy,  we 
ought  to  be  sufficiently  convinced  that,  even-if  we  are  able  to  hide 
(the  matter)  from  all  gods  and  men,  still  we  ought  to  do  noth- 
ing in-a-covetous-way,  nothing  unjustly,  nothing  wantonly, 
nothing  without-self -control.  Accordingly  that  (story  pf) 
Gyges  is  introduced  by  Plato  ;  for-he,  when  the  earth  had 
parted^  by-reason-of-certain  mighty  rains,  went  down  into  that 


MISCELLANEOUS    QUESTIOISTS.  81 

opening"  and  observed,  as  the  stories  say,  a  brazen  liorse,  in  the 
sides  of  which  were  doors ;  on  opening  which'^  he  saw  the  body 
of  a  dead  man,  of  nnusual  size,  and  a  golden  ring  on  the 
finger ;  and  when  he  had  taken  this  off,  he  put  it  on  himself 
(now  he  was  the  king's  shepherd)  and-then  betook  himself  into 
the  company  of  the  shepherds. 

659.  There  as-o/ten-as^  he  turned  the  bezeP  of  the  ring 
towards  the  palm  (of  his  hand)  he  was  seen  by  no  one,  while  ^  '^^ 
he  himself  saw  all  things:  he  was  visible  as  be/ore",  when  he    ^  ,^^ 
turned  the  ring  into  its  (proper)  position.     Therefore  availing  .^--f' 
himself  of  this  convenient-power  ^  of  the  ring,  he  slew  the  king  "^ 
his  master,  and  removed  (all)  whom  he  thought  to-be-in-his- 
way ;  nor  in  these  actions  could  any  one  see  him.     So  suddenly 
by  the  favour  of  the  ring  he  became "  King  of  Lydia.     If  a 
wise-man,  then,  were  to  possess  this  very  ring,  he  would  think 
that  he  was  none  the  more  allowed  to  sin,  than  (he  would  be) 
if  he  had  it  not ;  for  to  good  men  honest-things  are-mai> 
ters-of-quest^,  not  secret-things. 

^  aliquid  jproficere.    ^discedere.    "  Jdaius.    ^  quilus  ai^ertis. 
»  qunm  with  indie.  ^  ^  3  «     ^  jpala.    »  idem  rurs^is  videhatur,    ^  oj)portunitM 
•ex(>riri.    ^  qiMeri. 


INDEX 

TO   THE    MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS — 118-551, 


Ablative  case,  294,  295,  297,  298,  299,  305, 

308,  315,  320,  321,  322,  326,  327,  328, 

335,  337,  338,  340,  397,  429,  462,  469. 

Form  of  173,  311. 
Absolute  constr.  397,  406,  408,  409. 
Accusative   case,   164,  170,  175,  176,  184, 

185, 190,  276, 277.  Forms  of  173, 311. 
Adverbs,  143,  245,  284. 
Adjectives  as  nouns,  136. 
Agreement,  119,  121,  127,  133,  148. 
Allies,  alter,  487. 
An,  use  of,  430. 
Answers,  yes,  no,  482. 
Apposition,  119,  144,  283,  462. 
As,  615. 

Assertions,  414,  415. 
Attraction,  151. 
Case -construction  mixed,   145,  351,  429, 

493,  462,  500,  601,  502,  503,  608,  524, 

651. 
Capid,  &c.,  854. 

Causal  sentences,  479,  491,  519,  526,  531. 
Collective  nouns,  134. 
Commands,  437,  438,  439,  443,  444,  448. 
Comparison,  138,  165,  245,  281,  301,  302; 

180;  constr.,  327,  333. 
Complement,  118,  402. 
Composition,  343. 
Concessive  sentences,  465,  614. 
Concords,  120. 
Conditional  sentences,  460,  463,  475,  512, 

517. 
Conjugation  of  impers.  verbs,  141. 
Conjunctions,  306. 
Consecutive  sentences,  453,  456,  461,  467, 

527. 
Construction  after  adjectives,  314,  359, 

455;  333,  334;  after  verbs,  258,  285, 

304,  307,  313,  351,  357,  358,  359,  361, 

364,  367,  373,  385,  393. 
Contraction  of  gen.  plur.,  255,  167. 
Copula,  137. 


Cum  (quum),  513. 

Dative  case,  242,  243,  247,  248,  252, 

259,  261,  262,  265,  268,  270,  271, 

277,  278,  279,  290,  429,  462. 
Defective  nouns,  189. 
Definitions  of  place,  176,  293. 
Definitions  of  time,  295,  345,  346, 
Demonstrative  pronouns,  388. 
Dependent  sentences,  447. 
Deponent  verbs,  421. 
Derivation,  171,  183,  206,  237,  272, 

398,  413,  434. 
Desiderative  verbs,  332. 
digmis,  constr,  of,  455. 

do  319. 
dubito,  521. 
dum,  520. 
Enclitics,  441. 
Epicene  nouns,  182. 
Exclamations,  168. 
Factitive  verbs,  164. 
Fearing,  verbs  of,  constr.  of,  468. 
Figures  of  speecb,  516,  • 

Final  sentences,  451. 
M  223. 
Forms  of  verbs,  to  exi^lain,  142, 159, 

172,  177,  187,  198,  212,  214,  240, 

287,  291,  312,  316,  325,  353,  405, 

to  give,  221,  222,  274,  324,  330, 

499. 
Frequentative  verbs,  130. 
Future  infin.  pass.,  378,  488,  544. 
Future  part,  act.,  125. 
Gender,  126,  155,  169,  194,  215,  224, 

266,  289,  336,  418,  427,  518,  625, 

548. 
Genitive  case,  191, 195,  196,  203,  204, 

211,  219,  220,  225,  229,  234,  235, 

239,  429,  462. 
Gerund    and    Gerundive,  3T4,  380, 

382,  383,  384,  394,  395,  400,  404, 

473. 


253, 
276, 


286, 


161} 
264, 
650) 
498i 


256, 

528, 


208, 
236, 


381, 
420, 


INDEX   TO   THE   MISCELLANEOUS   QUESTIONS. 


Grammatical  terms  to  define,  118,  119, 
147,  134,  164,  160,  182,  192,  202,  154, 
516,  533,  534,  538,  540. 
Greek  nouns   to  decline,  163,  201,  213, 

216,  310,  344. 
Heteroclite,  heterogeneous,  heterologi- 

cal  words,  162,  174,  217,  537. 
Historical  infinitive,  401. 
Hypothetical  period,  463,  511,  512,  517. 
idem,  440. 

Imperative  mood,  172;  436. 
Imperfect  stem,  strengthened  form  of 

root,  249. 
Impersonal  verbs,  140,  393,  367,  357,  373, 

385. 
immd,  482. 

Inceptive  verbs,  188. 
Indefinite  prononns,  457,  470,  476,  545. 
indignus,  constr.  of,  455. 
Infinitive   mood,  365,  366,  372,  390,  391, 
401,  414,  415,  416,  420,  446,  448,  454, 
488,  529. 
Intensive  verbs,  332. 
Interjections,  181. 
Interrogative  particles,  426;  pronouns, 

450. 
Intransitive  verbs,  207. 
ipse,  440. 
is,  419. 

Locative,  282,  283,  288. 
Mobile  noims,  182. 
Month,   Roman,   349,  350,  358,  387,  392, 

412. 
Names  of  towns,  constr.  of,  356,  358. 
Negatives,  273,  309. 
nescio  quo-constv.  of,  466, 
Neuter  passive  verbs,  364. 
Nominative  case,  156. 
Nominal  assertions,  415,  416. 
Nominal  commands,  443,  444. 
Nominal  questions,  432,  435,  448. 
Nouns  or  adjectives  to  decline,  122,  128, 
150,  153,  163,  186,  193,  199,  218,  226, 
232,  238,  254,  263,  269,  310,  341,  376, 
399,  433,  495. 
Nouns  wanting  gen.  plur.  317. 
Numerals,  129,  178,  179,  260,  292,  300. 


Oratio  obliqua,  504,  505,  506,  544,  549. 
Participles,  396,   397,  406,  408,  409,  420, 

421,  542. 
Patronymics,  202. 
Perfect  act.,  formation  of,  327,  539. 
Periphrastic  conjugations,  379. 
Place,  constr.  of,  355,  356,  478,  469,  503. 
Pluralia  tantum,  153,  233. 
Potential  subjunctive,  474. 
Prepositions,  132,  362,  368,  386,  417,  452. 
Pronouns,  300,  363,  457,  369,  371,  135, 

536,  449. 
Principal  parts  of  verbs,  123,  131,  152i 
46,  209,  227,  244,  251,  280,  352,  424s 
497,  522,  547. 
Prosody,  192,  200,  210,  230,  231,  241,  257, 
267,  275,  296,  323,  342,  403,  442,  464, 
483,  489,  492,  507,  523,  533,  534,  535, 
538. 
Purpose,  how  expr.,  490. 
Questions,   425,  430,   431,  432,  435,  466, 

480,  505,  509. 
quin,  461,  510. 
quominus,  456,  510. 
Reduplicated  perfects,  246. 
Reflexive  pronouns,  369,  371,  375. 
Regular  conjugations,  124. 
Relative  pronouns,  135,  536;  484. 
se,  suus,  449. 

Secondary  sentences,  447,  486,  485,  504. 
Sequence  of  tenses,  423,  458. 
Sestertius,  546. 
Singularia  tantum,  233. 
Subjunctive  mood,  423, 484,  485,  474, 481, 

486,  491,  494,  520,  530,  532. 
Subjects  omitted,  121. 
Supines,  318,  377. 
Synopsis  of  verbs,  139, 166,  228,  250,  331, 

370. 
Teaching,  &c.,  verbs  of,  158. 
Temporal  sentences,  471,  472,  475,  477. 
Tenses,  410,  411,  422,  428,  459. 
Time,  definitions  of,  345,  346,  348,  469. 
Towns,  names  of,  356,  503. 
Voices,  active  and  passive,  205,  207,  339, 

347,  360,  389,  407. 
Wishes,  445. 


LATIN  TEXT  BOOKS, 

Published  and  for  sale  by 

F.  J.   H[XJ:N^TI]CsrGTOjNr  &  CO., 
107  Duane  St.,  N.  Y. 


GRAMMAR  OF  ATTIC  GREEK,  compendious,  witli  copious 
Exercises,  by  Cbarles  D.  Morris,  M.  A.,  late  fellow  of 
Oriel  College,  Oxford $  1  75 

GRAMMAR  OF  THE  LATIN  LANGUAGE,  compendious,  with 
copious  Exercises,  by  the  same  author,  some  time  Rec- 
tor of  Trinity  School,  N.  Y 1  75 

A  LATIN  READING  BOOK,  for  use  in  connexion  with  his 

Grammar,  by  same  author, 1  75 

PROBATIO  LATINA :  a  series  of  Questions  designed  to  test 
the  progress  of  learners  in  the  Latin  language,  by  C.  D. 
Morris,  M.  A 50 

VOCABULARIES  TO  MORRIS'S  LATIN  GRAMMAR,  by  the 
Assistant  Latin  Masters  of  St.  Paul's  School,  Concord, 
N.  H.,  Latin-English,  English-Latin,  by  the  Rev.  Hall 
Harrison,  M.  A.,  and  the  Rev.  Robert  A.  Benton,  M.  A.    .       75 

%*  These  Books  are  now  in  use  and  greatly  ap2oroved  by  many 
of  the  best  schools  in  the  country.  For  their  further  i7itroduction 
special  terms  a7*e  offered  by  t/ie  Publishers, 


TESTIMONIALS. 

The  books  are  now  in  use  m  many  of  our  best  schools,  with  resalts  in 
Bome  schools  detailed  below. 

St.  Paul's  ScnooL,  Concord,  li.  Y. 

The  best  proof  I  can  give  of  my  interest  in  Mr.  Morris'  Latin  and  Greek 
books,  is  that  I  have  tried  tbem  most  faithfully  and  conscientiously  for  the 
year  past,  and  have  concluded  to  test  them  still  more  fully,  the  year  that  is 
coming. 

HENRY  A.  COIT,  Bector, 


From  the  Bev.  F.  A.  Adams,  Orange,  JV.  J.  Jiuie  28,  1871. 

My  Dear  Sir: 

I  am  just  closing  my  year's  work  in  school,  and  feel  drawn 
to  write  you  a  line  stating  the  result  of  my  experience  for  the  year  past  in 
the  use  of  your  Grammar  of  Attic  Greek,  and  your  Grammar  of  the  Latin,  as 
the  principles  on  which  the  two  books  are  made  are  the  same.  I  have 
never  before  found  pupils  so  quick  and  sure  in  their  answers,  or  so  much 
interested  in  tracing  the  references,  and  making  out  their  own  way,  and 
have  never  before  found  the  feeble  so  able  to  help  themselves,  and  bring 
forward  satisfactory  results  of  their  preparation.  No  one  comj)lains  of  the 
book  as  defective  or  misleading,  and  I  should  shiink  from  changing  them  for 
any  thing  I  am  acquainted  with.  I  do  not  suppose  I  am  givnig  valuable 
information  in  what  I  am  saying.  Prof.  Hadley  has  given  his  opinion,  and 
"what  can  the  man  do  that  cometh  after  the  king?  "  But  it  is  natural  and 
pleasant  for  me  to  say  it.  I  may  be  prompted  a  little,  perhaps,  by  a  notice 
I  saw  in  the  Nation,  disapproving  the  system  of  taking  the  words  up  first  by 
tlieir  stems.  I  can  see  no  grounds  for  the  objection,  nor  do  I  believe  there 
is  anjr,  except  that  it  disturbs,  for  the  present,  old  use  and  wont.  My  pupils 
are  stimulated  by  it,  and  use  it  with  constant  pleasure.  I  do  not  wo'nder  at 
this,  for  the  method  seems  to  me  to  secure  constant  recognition  of  the 
dynamics  of  word-foundation-word  building. 


EocHESTER,  May  20, 1871. 

The  more  I  use  the  Latin  Grammar,  the  better  I  like  it.  Its  syntax  is 
admirable  ;  and  I  know  of  no  book  that  renders  equal  aid  to  the  beginner  iu 
Latin  composition. 

E.  H.  WILSON. 


Letter  to  one  who  was  in  doubt  about  using  Mr.  Morris'  books,  from  one 
who  had  given  them  a  thorough  trial. 

My  Dear  Sir, — 

Mr.  Huntington  sent  me  a  day  or  two  ago  a  letter  he  had 
received  from  you  touching  the  Attic  Greek  Grammar.  I  am  sure  I  need 
not  tell  you  that  I  should  not  venture  to  write  to  you  on  the  subject,  if  I  had 
not  formed  from  the  tone  of  your  letter  a  high  estimate  of  your  candor  as 


TESTIMONIALS. 

well  as  your  scholarsliip.  As  I  infer  tliat  the  chief  difficulties  which  you 
find  in  the  way  of  making  use  oi  the  book,  in  your  own  classes,  relate  to'the 
possible  failure  of  it  when  put  to  the  test  of  actual  handling  with  a  number 
of  boys,  I  have  thought  that  you  would  allow  me  to  say  a  few  words  in 
regard  to  my  own  experience  since  I  have  had  the  book  in  use.  The 
exercises  are  for  the  mOvSt  part  a  novelty ;  but  I  have  tested  them  fully  since 
the  publication  of  the  book,  and  I  can  assure  you,  that  they  realize  my  highest 
expectations.  They  have  these  conspicuous  merits ;  that  they  do  not  frighten 
boys  with  their  apparent  difficulty,  but  on  the  contrary,  they  are  attacked 
with  positive  avidity:  and  that  their  use  renders  possible  an  absolutely 
perfect  acquisition  of  the  facts.  I  lay  stress  on  this,  because  I  am  convinced 
that  whether  boys  advance  to  appearance  fast  or  slowly,  nothing  is  really 
rapid,  which  is  not  sure ;  and  nothing  is  really  slow,  for  any  particular  boy, 
which  is  made  clear  and  certain  as  he  progresses.  A  great  deal  will  of 
course  depend  upon  the  age  and  previous  acquirements  of  boys  as  to  the 
absolute  speed  with  which  they  can  get  through  the  book  ;  but  I  am  certain 
that  any  given  boy  can  acquire  the  language  faster  with  it,  than  with  any 
other  book  I  am  acquainted  with.  In  the  preface  it  is  said  that  the  exercises 
should  be  used  orally  in  the  main,  and  no  great  stress  is  laid  on  writing. 
This  is  said  because  one  does  not  know,  to  what  extent  boys  in  all  schools 
may  be  trusted  to  abstain  from  helping  themselves  in  an  unlawful  way. 
But  in  a  thoroughly  healthy  state  of  things,  they  may  be  perfectly  confided 
in  ;  and  I  think,  moreover,  that  the  moral  effect  is  good  of  requiring  and 
expecting  boys  to  forbear  availing  themselves  of  aid  which  is  within  their 
reach,  but  which  they  must  not  run  to.  However,  this  objection  is  now 
obviated  by  binding  the  Parsing  and  Reading  Lessons  separate  from  the 
Grammar.  This  morning  instead  of  telling  my  class  to  recite  one  of  the 
exercises  in  the  praxis  of  forms  orally,  I  made  them  get  their  slates  and  then 
told  them  to  write  down  certain  forms  by  their  numbers;  and  when  this  was 
done,  I  made  them  compare  what  they  had  written  with  the  words  in  the 
corresponding  exercise,  and  tell  me  the  faults  they  had  committed.  I  believe 
that  this  was  done  with  perfect  integrity  by  every  boy  ;  and  if  so,  you  can  see 
that  no  better  exercise  could  be  devised.  It  may  have  occurred  to  you  that 
it  would  be  difficult  to  assign  boys  a  particular  lesson  to  prepare  beforehand. 
It  is  true  that  for  a  week  or  so  it  would  be  the  best  plan  for  the  teacher  to 
study  the  book  and  work  the  exercises  with  his  class.  But  after  that  time 
when  they  have  come  to  understand  the  mechanism  of  things,  you  can  set  a 
lesson  and  it  will  be  studied  just  as  well  as  in  other  books  whicli  are  formally 
so  divided.  For  example,  the  other  day  I  told  my  class  to  study  the  thir^ 
declension,  giving  them  no  assistance  whatever,  and  in  two  days  every  boy 
had  a  very  perfect  acquaintance  with  the  whole  of  that  matter,  so  that  he 
could  decline  any  word  out  of  the  miscellaneous  list  given.  I  admit  that  the 
term  "  hieroglyphic  "  has  a  seeming  propriety  if  applied  to  the  list  of  irregular 
verbs.  But  you  must  remember  that  before  this  list  is  used,  boys  are 
supposed  to  have  learned  the  regular  verb  perfectly  ;  and  here  again,  I  am 
certain  that  if  the  teacher  will  take  the  pains  to  read  over  with  his  class  two 
or  three  pages  to  see  that  they  understand  the  signs  they  will  find  no  further 
difficulty.  JBesides,  everywhere  I  look  more  than  anything  else  at  the 
quality  of  the  knowledge  when  acquired;  and  it  is  clear  to  me  that  if  a  boy 
can  learn  the  irregularities  of  verbs  from  the  list,  he  will  have  a  far  better 
acquaintance  with  them,  than  he  is  likely  to  get  from  studying  them  in 
Iladley  or  Crosby. 


